1. BACTERIA
______________: single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus

2. Bacterial Kingdoms (formerly Monerans)
Divided into TWO Kingdoms-
________________- “ancient bacteria”
________________- “good/true bacteria”

3. ARCHAEBACTERIA Characteristics
Most live in ___________________________
Cell wall does _____ contain _____________
DNA sequence similar to ________________ (possible ancestor?)

4. Types of Archaebacteria
EXTREMOPHILES
Methanogens- produce _________
Halophiles- live in ________ conditions
Thermophiles- live in high ____________
Etc.

5. EUBACTERIA Live ______________________________
Cell wall contains ___________________
Wide array of characteristics

6. Types of Eubacteria ____________: cell wall mainly peptidoglycan
Appear ____________ when stained
____________: cell wall of _______ peptidoglycan with second layer of lipids and carbohydrates

7. How are bacteria identified?
Shape:
Bacilli- _______
Cocci- _______
Spirilla- ______
*Strepto- ________
*Staphylo- _______

8. How are bacteria identified?
Cell Walls
Is peptidoglycans present?
Yes- ______________________
No- _______________________

9. How are bacteria identified?
Movement
Some have ____________________
Some glide, spiral, etc.
Others don’t move on own

10. How are bacteria identified?
Energy obtaining methods
_____________________- make own food
_____________________- use light
_____________________- use inorganic materials
_____________________- take in food
_____________________- need light and a nutrient source

11. How bacteria are identified?
Energy releasing processes:
Cellular respiration: requires Oxygen (__________________________)
Fermentation: no Oxygen used (___________________________)
Some can survive with or without oxygen (___________________________)

12. How are bacteria identified?
Reproduction & Growth:
____________________- double in size, replicates DNA, splits into two (asexual)

13. Reproduction cont’d
________________________- bridge forms between two cells and genes are transferred
Conjugation
_____________________- thick wall around DNA can remain dormant until conditions are favorable

14. VIRUSES Virus- Latin for “_______________” Smaller than bacteria
___________ living!

15. Structure of a Virus
Infectious agent made up of a core of ______________(DNA or RNA) and a _______________(capsid)

16. Why not living?
Viruses can’t ___________ on their own- they must use a host’s cells
Not made of ___________
Cannot maintain _________________

17. Replication (Reproduction)
2 Types of Replication:
__________ Cycle

18. Lytic Cycle
Virus enters the cell, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst

19. Steps of Lytic Cycle Virus attacks cell and ___________________
DNA forms a circle

20. Steps of Lytic Cycle cont’d
Viral DNA commands host cell to make __________________

21. Lytic Cycle Steps cont’d
Cell _____________ and releases viruses to invade more cells
*Symptoms of disease show

22. Lysogenic Cycle
Virus embeds its DNA into the host’s DNA, both DNAs are replicated
________________- viral DNA that is embedded into host’s DNA
*Symptoms of disease do not show at this time

23. Types of Viruses
_____________- virus that infects bacteria

24. Types of Viruses- cont’d
_____________- contain RNA as genetic code (HIV & AIDS, some cancer)
_________________- cause cancer in animals (disrupt controls over cell growth)
RNA

25. Not quite a virus, but… ___________- “protein infectious particles”
Act like a virus, but…
Do not contain any ________, only ________
Usually only affects _______________
___________-
Has ________, but no ___________
Usually only affects _________________

26. Protection from viruses- HOW?
PREVENTION!
Good hygiene
______________- weakened or “killed” viruses or viral particle
Inject into body to build up immunity