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Making Proteins Transcription Translation
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DNA & RNA are nucleic acids. DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. RNA is ribonucleic acid.
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DNA RNA vs double stranded single stranded sugar = deoxyribose
sugar = ribose adenine, thymine cytosine, guanine adenine, uracil cytosine, guanine A – T C - G A – U C - G T – A G - C U – A G - C
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Protein synthesis involves two steps:
______________: DNA mRNA Transcription Translation mRNA protein
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TRANSCRIPTION DNA mRNA nucleus ribosome copy of gene mRNA DNA
mRNA exits the nucleus T A A G C C T G A C G C T A T T A T T C G G A C T G C G A T A A DNA gene (section of DNA)
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TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA mRNA Protein protein nucleus
mRNA attaches to ribosome DNA ribosome T A A G C C T G A C G C T A T T mRNA exits nucleus protein A T T C G G A C T G C G A T A A DNA A protein is made
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TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA mRNA Protein protein nucleus
mRNA attaches to ribosome DNA ribosome T A A G C C T G A C G C T A T T copy of gene mRNA exits nucleus mRNA mRNA A T T C G G A C T G C G A T A A DNA protein A protein is made gene (section of DNA)
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Perform DNA transcription
G A C --- A C T G
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Perform DNA replication
G A C --- A --- A C T G --- C --- --- U --- --- A --- --- --- G --- U --- --- --- C --- --- A mRNA
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Transcription mRNA A copy of a gene
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codon mRNA --- U U G G U U A G G U G G C U A
A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA codon mRNA --- U U G G U U A G G U G G C U A codon codon codon codon codon
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The codons on mRNA code for
amino acids mRNA ---U U G G U U A G G U G G Leucine alanine glycine valine
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codons
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tRNA What is this?
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Amino acid What is this?
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mRNA What is this?
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protein What is this?
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Codon What is this?
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What is occurring here? Making a protein
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