Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Chapter 5 Homeostasis, Adaptation, and Stress

Published byΓεώργιος Γερμανού Modified over 5 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Chapter 5 Homeostasis, Adaptation, and Stress"— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 5 Homeostasis, Adaptation, and Stress

2 Homeostasis A relatively stable state of physiologic equilibrium Body maintains homeostasis by adjusting and readjusting to changes in internal and external environment

3 Holism Includes physiologic, psychological, social, and spiritual areas contribute to the whole of a person Two common beliefs of holism: Both the mind and body directly influence humans Relationship between the mind and body can potentially sustain health as well as cause illness

4 Stressors Stressors are factors that cause stress Types (Box 5-1):
Physiologic Psychological Social Spiritual

5 Adaptation Definition?
Requires the use of self-protective mechanisms Purpose of adaptation is to regulate homeostasis Neurotransmitters mediate homeostatic adaptive responses Unsuccessful adaptation results in stress

6 Structures That Mediate Adaptive Response
Neurotransmitters: allow chemical communication between neurons Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine….

7 Structures That Mediate Adaptive Response (cont’d)
Central nervous system Composed of brain and spinal cord; brain divided into cortex and subcortex Enables people to think abstractly, use and understand language, accumulate and store memories, make decisions

8 Central Nervous System

9 Structures That Mediate Adaptive Response (cont’d)
Autonomic nervous system Composed of peripheral nerves that affect physiologic functions that are automatic and beyond voluntary control Subdivided into: Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system

10 Structures That Mediate Adaptive Response (cont’d)
Endocrine system Group of glands found throughout the body Sustains the response of the autonomic nervous system Maintains homeostasis by releasing and inhibiting hormones as needed

11 Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Adaptive Response
In dangerous situations: Sympathetic response: prepares body for fight or flight; accelerates physiologic functions that ensure survival Parasympathetic response: restores equilibrium after danger is no longer perceived; inhibits physiologic stimulation created by sympathetic response (see table 5-1)

12 Stress Physiologic and behavioral responses to disequilibrium
Caused by: Physical, physiologic, or emotional internal or external changes that disrupt homeostasis Has physical, emotional, and cognitive effects (Box 5-2)

13 Factors That Affect Response to Stress
Intensity, number, duration of stressor(s) Physical health status Life experiences; coping strategies Social support; personal beliefs Attitudes Values

14 Physiologic Stress Response
General adaptation syndrome: proposed by Hans Selye It follows one-, two-, or three-stage pattern

15 Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome: Alarm Stage
Alarm stage (fight or flight) Resistance stage (recovery or exhaustion) Exhaustion stage

16 Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome

17 Psychological Stress Response
Coping mechanisms (unconscious tactics) used by humans to prevent their ego, or reality base, from feeling inadequate. (Table 5-3)

18 Coping Strategies Coping strategies (تعريف من الكتاب) can be:
Therapeutic: help the person to acquire insight, gain confidence to confront reality, develop emotional maturity. (Examples from book) Nontherapeutic: using mind/mood- altering substances (addiction), aggression, excessive sleep; conflict avoidance; abandonment of social activities

19 Stress-Related Disorders
Result from prolonged stimulation of autonomic nervous and endocrine systems Many stress-related diseases involve allergic, inflammatory, or altered immune responses (box 5-3)

20 Nursing Implications Caring for stressed clients
Identify the stressors Assess the client’s response to stress Eliminate or reduce the stressors Prevent additional stressors

21 Nursing Implications (cont’d)
Support client’s psychological coping strategies Assist in maintenance of social support Implement stress reduction/management techniques

22 Stress-Reduction Techniques
Provide adequate explanations in understandable language Keep client and family informed Demonstrate confidence and expertise when providing nursing care Remain calm during crises

23 Stress-Reduction Techniques (cont’d)
Be available to the client Respond promptly to the client’s signal for assistance Encourage family interaction Refer the client and family to organizations or people who provide post-discharge assistance

24 Stress-Management Techniques (table 5-5)
Therapeutic activities that reestablish balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems Have a calming effect; stimulating tactics counterbalance parasympathetic dominance Teaching principles of time management and assertiveness techniques

25 Stress-Management Techniques (cont’d)
Endorphins Adaptive behavioral activities to enhance adaptation Alternative thinking Alternative behaviors Alternative lifestyles Thanks

Download ppt "Chapter 5 Homeostasis, Adaptation, and Stress"

Similar presentations

Biology and Behavior The Nervous System is our bodies “Blueprint”: – It gathers & processes information – Responds to stimuli – Coordinates the workings.

Biology and Behavior The Nervous System is our bodies “Blueprint”: – It gathers & processes information – Responds to stimuli – Coordinates the workings.
The Physiology of Stress Chapter 2

The Physiology of Stress Chapter 2
Human Response to Threat, Stress, and Anxiety NUR 210 Nursing Concepts, Processes, and Skills.

Human Response to Threat, Stress, and Anxiety NUR 210 Nursing Concepts, Processes, and Skills.
Chapter 3: Managing Stress $100 $200 $300 $400 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 General Adaptation Syndrome Stress Management Sources of Stress Neurology of.

Chapter 3: Managing Stress $100 $200 $300 $400 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 General Adaptation Syndrome Stress Management Sources of Stress Neurology of.
Ch. 15 Stress and Health McElhaney. Ch 15 Key Topics ► 1. Big Picture definition and significance of stress- ► 2. Health – ► Behavior Health Risks ► Risk.

Ch. 15 Stress and Health McElhaney. Ch 15 Key Topics ► 1. Big Picture definition and significance of stress- ► 2. Health – ► Behavior Health Risks ► Risk.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 5 Homeostasis, Adaptation, and Stress.

Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 5 Homeostasis, Adaptation, and Stress.
Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress. The nervous system.

Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress. The nervous system.
Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress. The nervous system Neurons Synaptic Gap Neurotransmitters.

Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress. The nervous system Neurons Synaptic Gap Neurotransmitters.
Stress Link of complete overview News reader idea?

Stress Link of complete overview News reader idea?
The Concept of Stress Adaptation

The Concept of Stress Adaptation
Stress. A negative emotional state occurring in response to events that are perceived as taxing or exceeding a person’s resources or ability to cope.

Stress. A negative emotional state occurring in response to events that are perceived as taxing or exceeding a person’s resources or ability to cope.
Stress and Stress Management Chapter 4, Section 1.

Stress and Stress Management Chapter 4, Section 1.
STRESS: THE CONSTANT CHALLENGE Chapter Two. What is Stress?  Stress = 1) Situations that trigger physical and emotional reactions and 2) The reactions.

STRESS: THE CONSTANT CHALLENGE Chapter Two. What is Stress?  Stress = 1) Situations that trigger physical and emotional reactions and 2) The reactions.
Chapter 10 Understanding and Managing Responses to Stress Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Chapter 10 Understanding and Managing Responses to Stress Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Stress: Managing Pressure.

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Stress: Managing Pressure.
STRESS  Experienced through stimulus or stresssor  Forces from the outside world that affect an individual  Related to internal and external factors.

STRESS  Experienced through stimulus or stresssor  Forces from the outside world that affect an individual  Related to internal and external factors.
Chapter 2: The Physiology of Stress To understand the stress response, we must possess a fundamental knowledge not only of psychology but of physiology.

Chapter 2: The Physiology of Stress To understand the stress response, we must possess a fundamental knowledge not only of psychology but of physiology.
Chapter 12 The Biology of Emotion and Stress. Stress Stressor - An event that either strains or overwhelms the ability of an organism to adjust to the.

Chapter 12 The Biology of Emotion and Stress. Stress Stressor - An event that either strains or overwhelms the ability of an organism to adjust to the.
The Biology of Mind. Biological Psychology ◦ Branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior ◦ Some biological psychologists.

The Biology of Mind. Biological Psychology ◦ Branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior ◦ Some biological psychologists.
Psychological Factors and Physical Health WEB. Hans Selye General Adaptation Syndrome Three stages of disease development –Alarm –Resistance –Exhaustion.

Psychological Factors and Physical Health WEB. Hans Selye General Adaptation Syndrome Three stages of disease development –Alarm –Resistance –Exhaustion.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google