1. Demonstration of e.City Gold Electric Bus in the Autonomous Region of Madeira
CIVITAS Forum 2018
21 September 2018, Umeå, Sweden
GRIM ROOM
Fábio Pereira, AREAM
Good morning
I´m Fábio. I´m from AREAM
This demonstration
the presentation will address

2. Demonstration programme and specifications of electric bus
During one month, the bus was in operation in 10 different passenger transport services of three public transport operators of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, two in operation in Madeira and one in Porto Santo.
Methodology
For each test, data was collected on the battery’s state of charge (as a percentage of battery charge available), kilometres covered and the altitude.
Use of slow charger of 11kW.The charging was performed 40% during the day (between morning and afternoon service) and 60% overnight.
The performance of the electric bus was evaluated and compared to a diesel-run bus and to a natural gas-run bus.
Specifications of electric bus (e.city Gold- Caetanobus)
Low-floor, 12m, 88 passenger, 160kW Nm (nominal torque) Nm (peak torque)
85 kWh (LTO -Lithium Titanate Oxide)
Civitas Forum 2018• • Umeå

3. Difference in altitude (m) Energy consumption (kWh/km)
Results of demonstration Bus performance in some services and in comparison with diesel and natural gas technologies
Service
Difference in altitude (m)
Energy consumption (kWh/km)
CO2 emissions (g/km)
Electric
Diesel
CNG
Aerobus
331
1,02
4,62
6,47
451
1234
1307
Porto Santo
166
0,74
7,2
10,1
396
1919
2033
Monte
620
1,43
7,33
10,26
634
1957
2073
Ponta da Cruz 65
0,91
6,25
8,75
394
1669
1768
Civitas Forum 2018• • Umeå

4. Accumulated investment, energy and maintenance costs
Financial analysis - plug-in charging (day and overnight) Accumulated costs and savings during 20 years – Route 2 -Ponta da Cruz - Scenario without grant
Year
Accumulated investment, energy and maintenance costs
Accumulated savings
Electric Bus
CNG Bus
Diesel Bus
Electric Bus compared to Diesel
CNG Bus compared to Diesel
Electric Bus compared to CNG € € € € € € 1 € € € € € € 2 € € € € € € 3 € € € € € € 4 € € € € € € 5 € € € € € € 6 € € € € € € 7 € € € € € € 8 € € €
4 753 € € € 9 € € € € € € 10 € € € € € € 11 € € € €* € €
(…) ……
….. 20 € € € € € €
* Year of purchase of new battery pack (50 000Eur)

5. Accumulated investment, energy and maintenance costs
Financial analysis - plug-in charging (day and overnight) Accumulated costs and savings during 20 years - Route 2 Ponta da Cruz - Scenario with grant*
Year
Accumulated investment, energy and maintenance costs
Accumulated savings
Electric Bus
CNG Bus
Diesel Bus
Electric Bus compared to Diesel
CNG Bus compared to Diesel
Electric Bus compared to CNG € € € € € € 1 € € € € €
3 445 € 2 € € € €
1 223 € € 3 € € € € € € 4 € € € € € € 5 € € € € € € 6 € € € € € € 7 € € € € € € 8 € € € € € € 9 € € € € € € 10 € € € € € € 11 € € €
€** € €
(…) …… 20 € € € € € €
* 85% of non-refundable grant calculated on overcost of alternative bus against conventional bus (diesel) ** Year of purchase of new battery pack (50 000Eur)
Civitas Forum 2018• • Umeå

6. Environmental analysis Comparison of avoided emissions during 20 years between the three technologies
Technology
Ponta da Cruz
Monte
CO2
(t)
NOx
(kg)
PM Emissions
Electric Bus compared to Diesel Bus
1 330
5 496
123
1 413
6 349
110
CNG Bus compared to Diesel Bus
-99
2 126
153
-116
2 499
160
Electric Bus compared to CNG Bus
1429
3 370
-29
1529
3 850
-50
It is worthy to note that the electric bus does not emit atmospheric emissions in an urban environment and has a positive impact in improving the air quality and public health of cities, in addition to producing less noise.
Civitas Forum 2018• • Umeå

7. Adaptation to the Autonomous Region of Madeira
Strong points
Maximum torque as soon as acceleration occurs.
Smooth acceleration.
Easy battery charging procedure.
Points to improve
Increase approach and departure angles.
Adapt the bus dimensions to some services.
Increase the power and torque for more demanding services.
Ensure diverse compatibility of battery charging system with other available systems (charging by pantograph or by cable).
Civitas Forum 2018• • Umeå

8. E.Charging systems solutions for electric buses
Font: Pictures Siemens
Opportunity charging (end-stop of the route) kW
Plug-in charging
(station, charging overnight)
60-80 kW
Plug-in charging
(station, during the day, between peak hours) kW
Manual (needs human intervention)
On end-stop (as a measure of precaution, it is necessary to have two pantographs)
Civitas Forum 2018• • Umeå

9. Plug-in charging (overnight)
(7:00- 9:30 AM; 12:30-14 PM: 30; 17: 30-20:00 AM);
Note: In order to make the most of the slow charging at the station, one should take advantage of the empty and super-empty hours.
55% of pantograph charging
45% of plug-in charging
Considering only pantograph charging costs
Annual energy costs of two routes - 5 electric buses
Opp charging for two routes (daily charging, without night charging with plug-in charging)- 5 buses
(Energy: € (245 GWh )
Power transformation station maintenance: 3 600€
Exploration: 130 €
Maintenance: €
Total cost: € (0,23€/kWh)
Diesel buses for the same service kilometers
Energy costs: €
Comparison between energy costs (electricity vs diesel) €
-37%
Plug-in charging (overnight)
Energy costs:
Electric Bus
Diesel Bus
Opportunity charging €
(0,23€/kWh) €
Plug-in charging (overnight) €
(0,082€/kWh)
Total costs €
Reduction of costs between electric and diesel bus
-66,26%
Civitas Forum 2018• • Umeå

10. Accumulated investment, energy and maintenance costs
Financial analysis Accumulated costs and savings during 20 years – Route 2- Scenario without grant
Year
Accumulated investment, energy and maintenance costs
Accumulated savings
Electric Bus
CNG Bus
Diesel Bus
Electric Bus compared to Diesel
CNG Bus compared to Diesel
Electric Bus compared to CNG € € € € € € 1 € € € € € € 2 € € € € € € 3 € € € € € € 4 € € € € € € 5 € € € € € € 6 € € € € € € 7 € € € € € € 8 € € € € € € 9 € € € € € € 10 €* € € € € € 11 € € € €* € €
(…) ……
….. 20 € € € € € €
For km/year per bus
55% of pantongraph charging
45% of plug-in charging
The cost of purchasing and installing the two pantographs shall be of the responsibility of the operator of the public charging station. These systems can be financed by regional operational funds.
* Year of purchase of battery pack (50 000Eur)

11. Conclusions
The demonstration revealed that the electric bus is technically feasible and cost-effective and environmentally advantageous in relation to diesel and natural gas.
The planned services were well performed by the bus, presenting appropriate power and torque for the required demand level.
The electric bus, compared to the diesel bus, achieved an 86% saving in energy costs (around 50 Eur/100km) and a 75% reduction in CO2 emissions.
In the 20 year analysis with plug-in charging (overnight), in a scenario without a grant, the electric bus becomes more economically advantageous compared to the diesel bus, starting from the 8th year, at 2017 prices.
In the 20 year analysis with plug-in charging and opportunity charging, the electric bus becomes more economically advantageous compared to the diesel bus, starting from the 8th year, at 2017 prices.
End-stop charging in the local context will be the most viable option for better quality of public transport operator service.
Standardization of opportunity charging and plug-in charging is required for compatibility with electric buses and battery manufacturers.
Civitas Forum 2018• • Umeå

12. e.City Gold electric bus experience in Madeira and Porto Santo
(short version)
Click to download the “Electric bus report-EN”
Pilot test video
Civitas Forum 2018• • Umeå

13. Thank you! Fábio Pereira Contact Details AREAM www.aream.pt