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RUSSIAN REVOLUTION.

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Presentation on theme: "RUSSIAN REVOLUTION."— Presentation transcript:

1 RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

2 the Bolsheviks small Marxist group wanted to change life in Russia
leader = Vladimir Lenin goal = overthrow czar Vladimir Lenin  wanted to establish a Communist social system, “in which there would be no economic classes & no private property

3 the Bolsheviks if czar was overthrown, industrial workers could govern Russia

4 Russia & WWI Czar Nicholas II hoped war would unite Russia & stop talk of revolution patriotism increased rapidly @ start of war, Russia had 6M soldiers  people rushed from across country to join the army

5 Russia & WWI Russia was not ready for war Russia lacked:
factories/supplies transportation system modern equipment competent military leaders Factories were unable to produce ammunition & other supplies quickly enough for the huge army Transportation system was weak, making it hard to move troops & equipment to right right times Equipment (weapons, etc) was outdated Military leaders = poor quality  “officers advanced on basis of personal connections” (nepotism)

6 Conditions Worsen 1915  Nicholas II took command of Russian military
if Russia failed in WWI, so would Nicholas II Nicholas II wasn’t qualified to lead army but he led it because if Russia failed in the war, he knew he would lose his country

7 Conditions Worsen food & other goods grew scarce
peasants grew desperate Nicholas II went to war left Czarina Alexandra in charge (unpopular) Alexandra took advice from Grigory Rasputin (corrupt/immoral) Russian army had been doing badly before Nicholas II took over an offensive was defeated  soldiers lost faith in leaders & army seemed doomed Czarina was unpopular with the people of Russia to make matters worse, she relied on Grigory Rasputin, a “self-proclaimed holy man” for advice. Rasputin was seen as corrupt & immoral by many Russians, especially because most of the political appointments & military actions he gave advice on were disastrous

8 Revolution Begins March 8, 1917  Petrograd, Russia
unhappy citizens marched police & soldiers were sympathetic the Duma (Russia’s legislature) defied Nicholas II March 15, 1917  Nicholas II forced to abdicate Petrograd was the capital at the time citizens marched in Petrograd the police & soldier disobeyed orders to shoot the rioters Nicholas II ordered Duma to disband, but they disobeyed Nicholas II’s family was murdered by ??

9 Temporary Government Duma established temporary government
Aleksandr Kerensky was leader many Russians didn’t like this government Bolsheviks wanted basic changes Lenin was still leader Kerensky’s government wanted to continue fighting against the Central Powers many Russians disliked this because it was a big burden on the country Lenin returned to Russia in April 1917  he had been out of the country because of his revolutionary ideas Germany helped Lenin return because they hoped he would stir up Russia & weaken their effort in the war

10 Bolshevik Revolution mid-1917  Kerensky’s government still fighting Central Powers in WWI Russian army was weak & collapsed November 1917  Bolshevik Red Guard attacked Kerensky’s government Red Guard was made up of Bolshevik factory workers

11 Bolshevik Revolution Kerensky’s government didn’t put up much of a fight Lenin established radical communist program private ownership = illegal land redistributed to peasants nearly bloodless struggle Private ownership of land, livestock, factories, etc. was illegal

12 After the Revolution Lenin wanted to end involvement in war
Leon Trotsky was sent to negotiate with Central Powers Russia lost much land to Central Powers because of lack of strong military Trotsky was a top Bolshevik official

13 Civil War some Russians disliked the negotiations & their results
opponents of Bolsheviks = “White Army” army leaders political opponents wealthy Russians *France & United States supported White Army they didn’t like losing land/power/wealth France & US supported Whites, probably because they feared the increasing power of a communist system **Why might wealthy Russians dislike a communist system? **Remember, a communist system gathers all resources & redistributes them equally

14 Civil War Ends Red Army vs. White Army late 1920  Bolsheviks triumph
fighting & famine cost millions of lives late 1920  Bolsheviks triumph 1921  New Economic Policy: plan permitting some capitalist activity Red Army = Bolsheviks/communists White Army = opponents Lenin established a New Economic Policy  effected farmers especially (encouraged food production)  helped restore economy **What do you think about that? A communist country using a capitalist plan to get back on its feet & then disregarding it? What does it say about communism? Does it say that communism isn’t a good enough plan, if it can’t start from scratch?

15 the Soviet Union 1922  economy begun to improve
1922  Russia reunited with neighboring lands that had belonged to Russian Empire became Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union Soviet Union will remain until 1991


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