1. Animal Behavior
Chapter 33

2. Behavior
Any response to a stimulus

3. Reflexes No conscious control: cannot not do these
Closing eyes when you sneeze
Turning away from bright light
Turning away when a hockey puck comes at you

4. Innate Behavior Instinct! Does not have to be taught
Results from natural selection and helps a species survive
- Examples
Suckling: Babies know how to nurse
Newborn fawns immediately try to stand and walk
Dogs chase animals that run away from them
Puppies chew

5. Learned Behavior Behavior changes through practice or experience
Behavior is learned!
Four main types
Habituation
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Insight Learning

6. Classical Conditioning
Mental connection between a stimulus and a reward
Learning by association!
Pavlov’s experiment
Dog hearing garage door open and runs to the door
Cat hearing can opener and runs to kitchen

7. Habituation Become used to something over time
No longer hear the noise of a busy road next to your house
Dogs no longer reacts to a certain person entering the house

8. Operant Conditioning
Animal learns to repeat behaviors that result in rewards and avoids those that lead to punishment
Trial and error learning
Do a trick and receive a biscuit
Do well on a test and receive a good grade

9. Insight Learning Most complicated learning
Taking what you learned and applying it to a new situation
Solving complex puzzles
Chimps using a box to get the fruit

10. Imprinting Forming an attachment at a critical time in development
Ducklings will follow whomever they see right after hatching

11. Instinctive Behavior in Animals
Courtship behavior ensures reproduction
Territoriality reduces competition
Aggressive behavior is used to threaten other animals and establish dominance
Rarely ends in injury
Losing animal shows submission
Submission leads to dominance hierarchies

12. Dominance Hierarchy Pecking Order Levels of social rankings
Top to bottom
Chickens, Wolf Packs

13. Rhythm instinctive behaviors
Circadian rhythm - 24 hour sleeping and waking cycle based on night and day
Light-regulated
Humans awake during day - diurnal
Owls, sugargliders awake at night – nocturnal
Migration - based on seasons
Birds migrate south
Whales migrate between breeding and feeding grounds
Change in day length stimulates behavior

14. Hibernation Estivation
State of reduced metabolism (breathing rate and body temperature) in response to changing seasons
Bears, ground squirrels
Estivation
State of reduced metabolism in areas of intense heat from drought or low food supplies
Toads in the desert

15. Which behavior is it? 1.
2. Dog hears keys and thinks it is going for a walk.
Even on the weekend, a person wakes up at 7:30 am.
4. You need to do an experiment for Biology and you have to use what you have learned
6. Sea lions sleep farther away from the center of the group depending on their status in the group
5. Birds migrate to the south in the winter and north in the summer.