1. Intelligent Critiquing of Design Sketches
2004 AAAI Fall Symposium Making Pen-Based Interaction Intelligent and Natural
Intelligent Critiquing of Design Sketches
Yeonjoo Oh, Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Mark D Gross Computational Design Lab, School of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon University

2. Outline 1. Motivation 2. Related Work 3. Design Evaluator
4. Discussion 2

3. Motivation Why do designers draw?
- Reflection-in-Action (Schön & Wiggins 1985) : seeing-moving-seeing cycle
- Restructuring & Emergence (Verstijinen 2001) : see another interpretation or alternative
- Visual Thinking and Imagery (Goldschmidt 1991) : Seeing as & Seeing that 3

4. Visual Reasoning
Architect Steven Holl’s Drawings 4

5. Design Critiques
Desk Crits : Reviewers (reframe design problem) : Student (transfer/ restructure) 5

6. Related Work Critiquing System : Offer feedback on design
Sketch Design
: Capture freehand drawing 6

7. Related Work Design Critiquing Systems
- KID (Kitchen Design) Fischer & Nakakoji et al. 1993
- Petri-NED (Petri-Net) Stolze 1994 7

8. Related Work Design Critiquing Systems
- FORNAX (Architectural drawings) novaMSC 8

9. Related Work Sketch Design - SILK (GUI design) Landay & Myers 1995
- ASSIST (Mechanical device design) Davis et al 2002 9

10. Related Work Sketch Design
- Electronic Cocktail Napkin (Design platform) Gross & Do 1996
- COAs (Military action design) Forbus, Usher & Chapman 2004 10

11. Design Evaluator Components Two example domains - Sketch interface
- Domain knowledge [Critiques]
- Presentation of advice
Two example domains
- Architectural floor plan (Hospital)
- Web page layout 11

12. Design Evaluator Overview Description Layer Evaluation Visualization
Records and identifies
- Captures and parses
Compares sketches against predicates
Generates design critiques
Displays critiques 12

13. Hospital Design 13

14. Description Layer Hospital floor plan diagram Zones, rooms, and doors14

15. Description Layer
Interconnected objects 15

16. Evaluation Layer
Rules coded as Lisp predicates (SHOULD-BE-ADJACENT SURGERY EMERGENCY-ROOM) (MUST-PASS-THROUGH ENTRANCE TRIAGE ER)
Architectural floor plan rules
: Room Placement (Zoning)
: Adjacency
: Room Sequence
: Minimum Area
Architectural Floor Plan 16

17. Evaluation Layer Room Placement (Zoning) Adjacency –Circulation path
(MUST-BE-IN Clinical-Zone (DAYWARD TRIAGE SURGERY …))
Adjacency –Circulation path
(SHOULD-BE-ADJACENT ER INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT)
Architectural Floor Plan 17

18. Evaluation Layer Room Sequence Minimum Area (MINIMUM-AREA WARD 10000)
(MUST-PASS-THROUGH ENTRANCE TRIAGE ER)
Minimum Area (MINIMUM-AREA WARD )
Architectural Floor Plan 18

19. Visualization Layer Verbal Critiques (text) Architectural Floor Plan19

20. Visualization Layer
Graphical Annotation
Architectural Floor Plan 20

21. Visualization Layer 3D Mock-up of Sketch Design
Architectural Floor Plan 21

22. Web page layout design 22

23. Screen, panels, images, texts
Description Layer
Web Page Layout
Screen, panels, images, texts
Web Page Layout 23

24. Evaluation Layer Web Layout Rules (Nielson 2000, Ivory 2002)
(MAX-RATIO IMAGES-AREA SCREEN-AREA 50)
- Number of Images
- Content Hierarchy
- Image-Text Ratio
- Color Scheme
- Text – Background
Web Page Layout 24

25. Visualization Layer Textual Critiques
Graphical Annotation / Example Web Page
Web Page Layout 25

26. Discussion - Early design critiquing + freehand sketch
- Stimulate thinking, explore alternatives
- Integrate knowledge-based tools into design
- Critiques directly on drawing & various formats
- Design constraints  spatially expressed rules 26

27. Future Work Rules Domains - more sophisticated design rules
- express rules graphically
Domains
- geometry and elementary physics 27

28. Design Evaluator
Yeonjoo Oh, Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Mark D Gross School of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon University 28