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Nonfiction is prose that
is based on fact. can be verified.
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Fact vs. Truth Although nonfiction IS based on fact, it is false to assume that “fact” and “truth” are the same thing.
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The Truth It is impossible to tell the “whole truth” about any experience.
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Nonfiction The very act of putting something into words changes it.
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Diction The particular words an author chooses to use – Word Choice - They tell something about the actual experience our personality our personal beliefs or prejudices our background and MOST IMPORTANTLY our purpose as the writer (*)
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Purpose Every good writer of nonfiction has a purpose when he or she writes.
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Purpose The purpose may be to explain or inform
to create a mood or emotion to tell about a series of events to persuade the reader to believe something or to do something.
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Forms of nonfiction: Reports: Factual accounts of places or events
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Personal essays - Reveal a great deal about the writer - Tone: conversational, sometimes humorous - Focus: writer’s feelings and responses to an experience - May be no attempt to be objective
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Article A prose composition, usually comparatively brief and always nonfiction, which deals with a single topic. An article is a direct, expository or descriptive factual statement a type of formal essay usually considered to have less dignity and weight frequently considered journalistic
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Speech A form of communication in spoken language made by a speaker before an audience for a given purpose
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Autobiography: an account
Biography: an account of a person’s life, written or told by someone else. Autobiography: an account of the writer’s own life, as told by the writer.
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Memoir (form of autobiography)
Record of facts and events concerns a particular subject or period usually written from the writer’s personal knowledge, experiences, and observations
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Nonfiction All types of nonfiction
include literary methods and devices.
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Nonfiction Description Narration Exposition Persuasion
Four major methods used in nonfiction: Description Narration Exposition Persuasion
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Methods used in Nonfiction
Description: establishes a mood or emotion uses images – words that appeal to our senses (see, hear, smell, taste, or touch)
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Methods used in Nonfiction
Narration tells about a series of events usually chronological order
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Methods used in Nonfiction
Exposition purpose: to explain or inform to define to clarify an idea
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Methods used in Nonfiction
Persuasion purpose: to convince the reader or listener to think or act in a certain way.
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All essay forms answer certain questions:
Expository answers: “What is it and how does it work?” Description answers: “What does it look, sound, smell, feel, and/or taste like?”
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All essay forms answer questions:
Narration answers: “What happened?” Persuasion answers: “What should I feel or do about it?”
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Nonfiction purpose The writer tries to interest us
with the purpose of the piece.
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Nonfiction elements To interest us, he/she uses many elements also found in fiction: Conflict Irony Suspense Comedy Characters Figures of Speech Dialogue
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Other terms to learn in this unit:
Other nonfiction terms: Objective Allusions Subjective Propaganda Purpose Evidence Inference Anecdotes Rhetoric Attitude/Tone Rhetorical Appeals Genre Logos Fact Pathos Opinion Ethos Anaphora Rhetorical Questions Editorial Jargon Exaggeration/Overstatement
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