1. Fighting the American Revolution
“A World Turned Upside Down”

2. Jump Start
If you were George Washington (general of the Continental army)
What type of men would you want in your army?
What things (supplies) would you need to be successful?
What type of support (groups of people, other countries, etc) would you need?

3. Patriots ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Were fighting for their land and believed cause  VERY determined
Had George Washington as their leader
Other foreign countries gave them supplies and soldiers
Lack of experience in fighting
Lack of supplies
Outnumbered
Weak navy

4. Redcoats ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Generals had a wide range of experience
Understood strategy
Well-trained and highly disciplined
Well supplied
Took weeks or months to get needed supplies and reinforcements
Difficult to adapt to “hit and run” warfare

5. Loyalists vs. Patriots Essential Questions:
Who types of people were Loyalists?
What types of people were Patriots?
What did Loyalists and Patriots believe?

6. Loyalists
Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the Great Britain
About 15%-20% of the colonial population
Many Loyalists fled the country at the start of the revolution
Many were older, wealthy merchants
Active in the Church of England
The national church

7. Patriots Patriots came from many different backgrounds
Believed since the colonists were not directly represented in Parliament, taxes were illegal
Most were highly educated and wealthy
Also had the support of ordinary men and women (farmers, mechanics, homemakers, and shopkeepers)
These middle and lower classes didn’t like their economic situation
Largely due to British taxation

8. The Arguments Loyalists Patriots
People have rights government can’t take away, like property
A strong unified British Empire is good for all
Loyalists
Patriots
Colonists are British subjects and should obey British law
Taxation takes away property (i.e. – money and goods)
Taxes are due to French & Indian War which was fought to protect colonies
Colonists don’t have voice in Parliament, so they can’t tax colonies (No taxation without representation)
American colonies would be weak without Britain
There’s no way colonies could ever be represented – Parliament’s too far
Colonies profit from trade with England
Many colonists fought in the French & Indian War (we’ve done our part)
Colonies are too far away from England to have representation in Parliament,
its just not practical
British personnel are causing violence, riots, and death (Boston Massacre & Boston Tea Party)

9. The Early War When the war began, both sides adopted the same strategy
Win in one big battle
Neither side was able to accomplish this
The Patriots suffered some big losses that hurt their morale
Washington decided to go on the defensive
Hoped to tire out the British

10. New British Strategy British were ordered to capture New York
Central location
Coast line for supplies
From New York, they would go north and take Massachusetts  the heart of the rebellion

11. The Battle of Saratoga, Aug- Oct 1777
British are beaten back by colonial forces
British surrender
Saratoga is important because:
it is a major defeat for the British
Shows that the colonists have a chance to win
France becomes an ally of the colonies
Considered a turning point in the war

12. Help From Abroad
France was angry over losing to Britain in the French & Indian War
Spain dislikes the British, hopes for more land
By helping the colonies, the British were busy fighting three enemies instead of just one
Also forced them to fight naval battles
Redcoats had to spread their resources

13. Europeans Help Washington
Marquis de Lafayette
Baron von Steuben
French nobleman who volunteered to serve under Washington
used his own money to buy soldiers clothes
fought in many battles
persuaded French king to send 6,000 men army to America
Prussian (modern day Germany) general
Helped Washington train and discipline troops at Valley Forge

14. Winter at Valley Forge
Fighting stopped during the winter months of
Temperatures were anywhere from 6-12 degrees F
Washington’s army camped in southeast Pennsylvania
Lacked EVERYTHING!
¼ died from malnutrition or disease
Showed amazing endurance
stayed for love of country
respected Washington too much to desert
Sorry guys…my bad!
I want my mommie!
This sucks.

15. The Battle of Yorktown, October 1781
British General Cornwallis set up his base camp on Yorktown peninsula
French fleet blocks the bay
British cannot receive supplies or retreat
Washington trapped him by land
Bombarded the Redcoats with cannon fire
With nowhere to go, Cornwallis surrendered
PATRIOTS WIN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

16. The Treaty of Paris, 1783 Terms of the treaty:
Colonies are independent
British must remove all troops
New boundary from Atlantic to Mississippi
Northern and southern border were Canada and Florida
Loyalist would have rights and property protected
Each side repays its debts
Captured slaves must be returned to owners

17. What Goes in a Treaty?
The class will be divided into 3 groups: Patriots, Loyalists, and British. In your groups, you will work on creating a rough draft of the Treaty of Paris. Since each group represents different interests and opinions, your drafts should try to benefit YOUR individual group as much as possible (BUT keep in mind who is the winner and how that affects your group’s power). When each group is finished, we will come together as a class to negotiate the final treaty. The questions that need to be answered are:
1. What is the new status of the colonies?
2. What will happen to British troops and forts?
3. What will the new boundary lines be?
4. What happens to Loyalist property that was confiscated by Patriots?
5. What happens to the debt each side (Americans and British) owes each other?
6. What happens to the runaway slaves that fought for the Redcoats?

18. Welcome to HistorE-Harmony!
If you received a “1” card, sit at a desk facing the chalk board.
If you received a “2” card, sit at a desk facing the white board.
Find your card from the front table.
You have 5 minutes to complete/edit your information.