1. Dependency Grammar & Stanford Dependencies
Wentao Ding

2. History
linguistic units (e.g. words), are connected to each other by directed links
The (finite) verb is taken to be the structural center of clause structure. 

3. Dependency vs Constituency

4. Grammar Relations
In linguistics, grammatical refer to functional relationships between constituents in a clause.
Thematic criteria
Configurational criteria
Morphological criteria
Prototypical traits

5. Universal Dependencies
Used in Stanford CoreNLP
The annotation scheme is based on an evolution of
(universal) Stanford dependencies (de Marneffe et al., 2006, 2008, 2014)
Google universal part-of-speech tags (Petrov et al., 2012)
The Interset interlingua for morphosyntactic tagsets (Zeman, 2008).

6. Syntax Relations in UD Nominals Clauses Modifier words Function Words
Core arguments
nsubj
csubj
obj
ccomp
iobj
xcomp
Non-core dependents
obl
advcl
advmod*
aux
vocative
discourse
cop
expl
mark
dislocated
Nominal dependents
nmod
acl
amod
det
appos
clf
nummod
case
Coordination
MWE
Loose
Special
Other
conj
fixed
list
orphan
punct cc
flat
parataxis
goeswith
root
compound
reparandum
dep

7. Syntax Relations in UD Basic Dependencies Simple Clauses Nominals
Complex clauses
Others
Coordination
Ellipsis
Multiword Expressions
Comparatives
Paratactic Constructions
Punctuation

8. Clauses Relations in UD
Basic Dependencies-Complex Clause Relation
Coordinated clauses
conj
Subordinate clauses
Clausal subjects—csubj
Clausal complements—xcomp/ccomp
Adverbial clause—advcl
Adnominal clause—acl
Secondary Predicates
She declared the cake beautiful.
xcomp

9. Stanford Dependency Parser
A  transition-based parser powered by a neural network which accepts word embedding inputs

11. Stanford Dependency Parser
compute the hidden layer ℎ 𝑐 ∈ ℝ 𝑑 ℎ , and pick the transition with the highest score
pre-compute matrix operations for most top frequent 10, 000 words and all positions and all POS tags and arc labels

12. Stanford Dependency Parser
Label Attachment Score (LAS)
% of tokens with correct HEAD and DEPREL
Unlabeled Attachment Score (UAS)
% of tokens with correct HEAD
Development (1700 sentences)
Test (2416 sentences)

13. References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_grammar
De Marneffe, Marie-Catherine, and Christopher D. Manning. Stanford typed dependencies manual. Technical report, Stanford University, 2008.
De Marneffe, Marie-Catherine, et al. "Universal Stanford dependencies: A cross-linguistic typology." LREC. Vol
Chen, Danqi, and Christopher D. Manning. "A Fast and Accurate Dependency Parser using Neural Networks." EMNLP

14. Q & A
Thanks for listening