1. The War of 1859

2. Plombieres Austrian domination in Lombardy would end
The Pope would rule an Italian federation
Increased Kingdom of Piedmont
France would replace Austria as the key influence in Italy
Provoke Austria into a war

3. Effect What was the effect of the pact on Europe
The pact wasn’t really known, but Victor Emmanuele’s speech seemed to indicate something about France and Piedmont
Britain?
Russia?
Prussia?
Austria?

4. Austria Provokes War 1859 Ultimatum (Franz Josef)
By the way…Franz Josef would issue another Ultimatum in July of 1914….and how did that go for him?
Austria- Reactionary Bully, Cavour liberal progressive defending his constitutional state

5. The War Early skirmishes- mistakes- met at Magenta 1859
Magenta- 60,000 Austrian Troops- incompetent
French success
Solferino- poor command (3 kings!) massive casualties
The Austrians were not defeated (technically)

6. Piedmont Deserted
Treaty of Zurich- Lombardy goes to Piedmont- nothing much else changes
Little Piedmont could do to get ‘more’- it was French troops that were the majority in the war
Cavour resigns- why?

7. End of 1859 Generated enthusiasm for Italian Unification
Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna all requested to join Piedmont
Lombardy was not part of Piedmont
Cavour returned to office in gave Savoy and Nice to France for support of Napoleon III in the annexation of the central duchies

8. March 1860
Lombardy was a big deal- fertile lands, industry, rail networks to Europe
Moral rebirth of Italy
Mazzini’s romantic radicalism seemed to have little chance of success anymore
However there was still a place for radical elements- what occurred in 1860 was a northern Italian unification- what about the south?