1. More than just a full bladder!
Excretory System
More than just a full bladder!

2. Functions of the Excretory System
The excretory system removes toxins and wastes from the body
Regulates the amount of fluid and salts in the body
Maintains the pH of the blood

3. Parts of the Excretory System
There are several organs that make up part of the Excretory System
Lungs
Remove water, heat, CO2
Skin
Removes water, salt, heat
Kidney
Removes water, salts, nitrogenous waste products

4. The Kidneys
Bean shaped organs that filter out wastes, water, and salts from the blood
3 Sections:
Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis

5. Nephron Filtration
Each kidney contains approximately one million filtering units called nephrons
The renal artery transports nutrients and wastes to the kidney

6. Filtration

7. Reabsorption & Forming Urine
As liquids flow through the nephron, glucose and minerals are reabsorbed back into the capillaries and returned to the body
Urine, which is excess fluids and wastes, leaves the kidneys through ducts called the ureters
Urine is stored in the urinary bladder and exits the body through the urethra

8. Disorders

9. Well Mr. Osborne, it may not be kidney stones after all

10. Respiratory System
Part deux

11. Respiratory System Functions:
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and the blood
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and the body’s cells

12. Organs/Parts
LUNGS
TRACHEA
DIAPHRAGM
BRONCHI
BRONCHIOLES
ALVEOLI

13. BREATHING: Controlled by the diaphragm
THE MECHANICAL MOVEMENT OF AIR INTO AND OUT OF THE LUNGS
Controlled by the diaphragm
When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens
This results in more space in the chest cavity = lungs fill with air
When the diaphragm relaxes, it arches upward
This pushes up on the lungs and causes air to rush out of the lungs

15. External External & Internal Respiration
Respiration: 2 Types
External & Internal Respiration
External
Gas exchange between the atmosphere and the blood
Occurs in the lungs (Alveoli)

16. External Respiration
Air enters the body through the mouth and nasal passages
Air travels through the trachea, which then splits into 2 bronchi
Each bronchi splits up further into bronchioles
At the end of the bronchioles are tiny alveoli
Think of an up-side-down tree
Trachea = Trunk Alveoli = Leaves

19. Internal Respiration
Internal Respiration
Gas exchange between the blood and the body’s cells
Occurs where the capillaries meet the body cells

20. Internal Respiration Capillaries lay right next to the body cells
Capillary walls and cell membranes are so thin, that O2 and CO2 can simply pass through (diffusion)
O2 moves from the blood stream into the CELLS
CO2 moves from inside the cells into the BLOOD STREAM

21. EVERY LIVING CELL IS IN VERY CLOSE PROXIMITY TO A CAPILLARY
CO2
A CELL

22. Common Respiratory Disorders
ASTHMA: Irritation causes bronchioles to constrict
BRONCHITIS: Respiratory pathways become infected  coughing & mucus
EMPHYSEMA: alveoli break down  reduced surface area
PNEUMONIA: infection causes alveoli to collect mucus
TUBERCULOSIS: Bacterial infection that decreases elasticity of alveolar capillaries
LUNG CANCER: Uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue