Uniformed Patrol Concepts and Tactics

Uniformed Patrol Concepts and Tactics
Law Enforcement Uniformed Patrol Concepts and Tactics Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Copyright 2005-2009:Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Traditional Methods There are three traditional methods of uniformed patrol: Random Routine Patrol Rapid Response to Citizens’ 911 Calls Retroactive Investigation of Past Crimes by Detectives Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Random Patrol The police officer drives around a designated geographic area. Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Rapid Response to Citizens’ 911 calls
The police officer receives a call from the police dispatcher, then responds to the call. Photograph provided by Gary Allen, Dispatch Monthly Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Retroactive Investigation of Past Crimes by Detectives
If the call involves a crime, the police officer conducts a preliminary investigation and often refers the case to a detective who then conducts a follow up investigation of the crime Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Kansas City Study First attempt to actually test the effectiveness of random routine patrol. Photograph provided by Woodcrest Vehicles, Riverside, CA Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Random Routine Patrol Assumptions: Creates an omnipresence Deters Crime Enables police officers to catch criminals in the act also known as preventive patrol, involves a police officer driving within a community when they are not on an assignment from the radio dispatcher or supervisor Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Kansas City Study During , Kansas City Department conducted an experiment to test the effects of routine preventive control. This year long experiment has been both influential and controversial. Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Kansas City Study Fifteen patrol beats in Kansas City’s South Patrol were used. Five of those beats were assigned to a control group with no changes in normal patrol staffing or tactics. Five other beats were chose as reactive beats, and all preventive patrolling was eliminated. The reactive beats and the proactive beats were all experimental groups. Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Kansas City Study Outside patrol units handled calls in the reactive beats, and units left the beats once they had handled the calls. During the experiment all activities during the 15 beats was monitored. Prior to the outset of the experiments researchers collected data on reported crime, arrests, traffic accidents, response times citizen. Attitudes, citizen and business victimization for each of the 15 beats. No one in the community was advised during the entire year of the experiment Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Kansas City Study Conclusions: adding or subtracting police patrols from an area made NO difference in the community. No change in crime. No change in citizen fear of crime. No change in community attitude toward police. No change in police response time. No change in traffic accidents. Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Kansas City Study It had been commonly believed that putting more officers on patrol would cause a decrease in crime, and taking away police would cause an increase in crime. The Kansas City Study demonstrated this was wrong. Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Kansas City Study James Q. Wilson: “…All it shows is that changes in the amount of random preventive patrol in marked cars does not, by itself, seem to affect…how much crime occurs or how safe people feel.” Joseph D. McNamara: “…the experiment seemed to show that police officers uncommitted time-(responding to calls or self-initiated police time) which is approximately 50%, could be used more effectively.” Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

O.W. Wilson, “…Despite the conclusions of researchers, the valuable police patrol cannot be measured by a statistical study like the Kansas City one and must be based on historical experience.” To date, only one other attempt has be made to replicate the Kansas City Study, in Albuquerque, New Mexico- which yielded similar results. Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Alternative Patrol Strategies
Directed Patrol Split Force High intensity patrol Differential Response to Calls for Service Uniformed tactical operations Decoy operations Stake out and sting operations Code enforcement teams Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Directed Patrol involves officers receiving specific instructions on what duties to perform while not responding to calls. Based on: crime analysis specific problems complaints received from the community Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Split Force One portion of the patrol force handling all calls dispatched to patrol units, while the other only performs directed patrol assignments. Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

High intensity patrol A form of split force used by the Houston Police Department, placed more officers in different parts of the city during peak crime hours. Problems HIP- directed not to answer 911 calls and stay in designated areas, not enough regular patrol officers, therefore 911 calls would pile up. Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Differential Response to Calls for Service
An alternative to rapid response to calls for service which matches the response to calls to 911 to the severity of the request. Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Uniformed tactical operations
Aggressive Patrol Tactics Involves stopping numerous people and vehicles in an attempt to find evidence that they may have committed a crime or may be committing a crime. Studies have indicated that aggressive patrol tactics such as in the field of interrogations could Reduce the crime rates Increase arrests rates Create problems with the community Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Decoy operations An officer by dressing and playing The role of a potential crime victim goes unnoticed by criminals. Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Sting operations Involve using various undercover methods to apprehend thieves and recover stolen property. Sting operations can account for a large number or arrests and the recovery of a significant amount of stolen property. Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Stake Outs A stakeout consists of a group of heavily armed officers who conceal themselves in a or about a location waiting for a crime to occur or a suspect to arrive Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Code enforcement teams
Many cities use civil, as well as criminal, laws to force landlords and others in control of premises to correct illegal conditions. Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Uniformed Patrol Concepts and Tactics
Find more about police tactics at Copyright :Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

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