1. Globalization
Dr Anna Ross

2. What is Globalisation? A modern process Identifiable characteristics:
Expansion, concentration, and
acceleration of worldwide relations
Homogenization/heterogenization,
as well as hybridity
Space-time-compression

3. Conceptual Frameworks
Immanuel Wallerstein and his theory of the “modern world-system”
Three interesting features
Scales
Identifies economic “centres” and “peripheries”, and the process of “incorporation”
Identifies a “semi-periphery”
Manuel Castells and “network society”

4. Historians and Worldwide Integration
If we conceive globalization as the development, concentration, and increasing importance of worldwide integration, then the concept loses its static character and its aspect of totality. The question is no longer whether the term ‘globalization’ is an adequate description for the present state of the world. Instead, it directs attention to the history of worldwide integration, its development and erosion, its intensity and effects (Globalization: A Short History, 26-7).

5. The Beginnings of an Irreversible Process of Worldwide Integration, c
Three forms of integration:
Consolidation empires, especially
“gunpowder empires”
Religious ecumene
Loosely woven networks of long-distance
trade
In sum, the trend toward greater
integration became stronger, not weaker,
during this period although it pertained only
to expanding regions and not the entire
world.

6. Imperialism, Industrialisation, and Free Trade, 1750-1880
Politically:
Europe retreats into itself in this period.
But Britain retained a world-wide dominion of the seas, an extensive intervention force, and the world’s most lucrative colonies.
Globalisation by adaption
Technologically:
The Industrial Revolution had an enormous effect on the expansion of worldwide integration
Economically:
Enthusiasm for free-trade saw the emergence of the global economy

7. Global Capitalism and Global Crises, 1880-1945
Politically c. 1880:
Globalization occurred parallel and simultaneously to state-building
Economically:
Extensive globalization to WWI and then a phase of deglobalization that ended only after WWII
Politically to 1914:
Competition on a global scale
Politically :
Vacuum that could not be filled by the League of Nations
Americanisation

8. Globalisation Spit in Two: 1945- mid-1970s
After 1945, a deliberate attempt was made to establish a better world order according to two competing models in two competing power blocs. Through this arrangement, structures were established within which globalization developed as we know it today (Globalization: A Short History).

9. Conclusion
Since the end of the 1960s, the postwar structures outlined in the lecture have been changing. This change marks the beginning of the most recent phase of globalization, which is widely believed to be the first real globalization and which receives the most attention from social scientists (Globalization: A Short History).
Thinking about globalisation and global history…