1. Warm-up What is this a picture of? (Hint it’s not ‘A Village’)
Who lives there? And what are their obligations while living there?
Whose job do you feel is the most important or most essential to everyone’s survival? Explain your answer.

2. The Power of the Church during the Middle Ages
Pope vs King
World History
Chapters 13 Sect. 4

3. How we got here Remember during this time Land=Power
During the Middle Ages, the Church becomes VERY POWERFUL
Why? Because it shapes the lives of people from all Social classes
Rulers start to “question” Pope’s Authority

4. The Church Hierarchy The Papacy Pope Cardinals Bishops Upper clergy
Priests, Monks, Nuns -- the lower clergy 4

5. Church Hierarchy In the church, power was based on status.
Pope- In charge of all things spiritual in a Kingdom. Leader of the church.
Clergy- were religious officials (bishops and priests) that were headed by the Pope
Bishops supervise priests. They also settle disputes over teachings and practices of the Church

6. The Church taught that:
All people were sinners and dependent on God’s grace.
To get grace one had to take part in sacraments (important religious ceremonies) ex: baptism 6

7. Role of Church
Since there were no STRONG empires or kingdoms, the Church was one thing that had RESPECT and POWER.
Popes were more powerful than kings!

8. Power of the Church Church helped govern western Europe.
1. Own courts and laws
Canon Law- laws governing a church
2. Disobedience to church laws had severe penalties.
Excommunication- a person is denied salvation.
Interdict- sacraments and religious services could not be performed in the king’s land. 8

9. Lay Investiture
Practice of lay ( non-clergy; like a King or noble) official investing (bestowing) a Church title on someone.
Lay Investiture- a ceremony in which kings, and nobles appointed church officials(a bishop)
Whoever controlled Lay Investiture held the real power in naming bishops. 9

10. Problems Between Pope and Emperor
1075- Pope Gregory VII
-bans lay investiture
Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor)
refuses to stop the practice
Henry with help of Bishops he appointed orders Pope to step down
Pope excommunicates Henry
I Lay Investiture: a practice which allowed a lay person to bestow church offices on clergy
Henry calls the Pope a “false monk”
Pope excommunicates Henry
Popular opinion is with the Pope
1077 Henry goes to Canossa, Italy to beg forgiveness of the Pope
Henry stood by the gate in the cold and snow for 3 days
Pope pardons Henry
Investiture issue still unresolved 10

11. German princes and bishops side with pope therefore, Henry crosses Alps to arrive at Canossa, Italy to ask forgiveness which he knew would be granted. After three days the pope finally ended the excommunication but Henry returned home to punish the rebellious nobles. 11

12. Concordat of Worms
In 1122, representatives of the Church and the emperor met in the German city of Worms. (Vorms)
They reached a compromise called the Concordat of Worms- ONLY the church could appoint a bishop, but the emperor could veto the appointment.

13. Problems in the Church
Many Village priests married and had families, such marriages were against church rulings.
Bishops sold positions in the church, this was called Simony.
Using the practice of lay investiture, kings appointed church bishops, church reformers believed the church alone should appoint bishops

14. Cathedrals
Cathedrals were built in city areas, it was viewed as a representation of god
Gothic style- use of the pointed arch and the vault, the use of fine woodwork and stonework, big, stained glass windows

15. Gothic Style
Sagrada De Familia ?

16. Vocab Connections sheet
King Henry IV, Lay Investiture
Gothic Architecture, cathedrals
Simony, canon law

17. Those Dang Crusades Crusades = Holy Wars
Fought against the Muslim Turks
Numerous fought for over 300 yrs

18. Good morning! Sit down! Take out a piece of paper Yes, it is for notes
5 SLIDES…ONLY 5 SLIDES!!!!!

19. Crusades Crusades = Holy Wars
Fought by Christians against the Muslims (Turks)

20. Goals of the Crusades
For European Christians to gain control over Holy Land (Palestine)
They also wanted control over key trade routes with Asia

21. Important People Pope Urban II—Pope that called for the 1st Crusade
Richard the Lion Hearted—English King during 3rd Crusade
Saladin—Muslim leader of 3rd Crusade

22. Spanish Crusade
The Reconquista –Spanish effort to re-conquer Spain from the Muslims
To Unify their country and increase their power, Isabella and Ferdinand made use of the Inquisition. This was a court held by the Church to suppress heresy.

23. Effects of the Crusades
Positives
Were an example of power of the church during the medieval period.
It encouraged people to leave their homes and travel to far-away lands.
Expanded trade between Europe and South West Asia.
Negatives
Decreased Pope’s power
Weakened Feudal nobility, increased power of the king
1,000’s of ppl died
Left bitterness and hatred between Christians and Muslims