1. Chapter 11
Industry

2. Where Did Industry Originate?
Key Issue #1
Where Did Industry Originate?

3. Where is Industry Distributed?
Origin of industry: 1750s-1950s
From cottage industries to the Industrial Revolution
Impact of the Industrial Revolution especially great on iron, coal, transportation, textiles, chemicals, and food processing

4. Diffusion of the Industrial Revolution
Figure 11-2

5. Where Is Industry Distributed?
Key Issue #2
Where Is Industry Distributed?

6. Where is Industry Distributed?
Industrial regions
Europe
Emerged in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
North America
Industry arrived later but spread faster than in Europe
East Asia

7. Industrial Regions
Figure 11-3

8. Industrial Areas in Europe
Figure 11-4

9. Industrial Areas in North America
Figure 11-5

10. Why Do Industries Have Different Distributions?
Key Issue #3
Why Do Industries Have Different Distributions?

11. Why Do Industries Have Different Distributions?
Situation factors
Involve transporting materials to and from a factory.
Site factors
Result from the unique characteristics of a location; land, labor, & capital are 3 production factors that vary among locations.

12. Alfred Weber’s Industrial Location Theory
Weight-losing or Bulk-reducing manufacturing
involves a large # of inputs that are reduced to a final product that weigh less or have less volume/bulk than the inputs.
Factories tend to be near the inputs that lose the most bulk.

13. Why Are Situation Factors Important?
Proximity to inputs
Bulk-reducing
Examples:
Copper
Steel
Figure 11-8

14. Alfred Weber’s Industrial Location Theory
Weight-gaining or Bulk-gaining manufacturing
involves a # of inputs that are combined to a final product that gains volume/bulk/weight in the production process.
Factories tend to be near the consumers because the cost of transporting the final product is more than the cost of transporting the inputs.

15. Why Are Situation Factors Important?
Proximity to markets
Bulk-gaining industries
Examples:
Fabricated metals
Beverage production
Single-market manufacturers
Perishable products
Figure 11-10

16. Why Are Situation Factors Important?
Ship, rail, truck, or air?
The farther something is transported, the lower the cost per km/mile
Cost decreases at different rates for each of the four modes
Truck = most often for short-distance travel
Train = used to ship longer distances (1 day +)
Ship = slow, but very low cost per km/mile
Air = most expensive, but very fast

17. Why Are Site Factors Important?
Labor
The most important site factor
Labor-intensive industries
Examples: textiles
Textile and apparel spinning
Textile and apparel weaving
Textile and apparel assembly

18. Cotton Yarn Production
Figure 11-16

19. Woven Cotton Fabric Production
Figure 11-17

20. Production of Women’s Blouses
Figure 11-18

21. Why Are Site Factors Important?
Land
Rural sites
Environmental factors
Capital
Figure 11-20

22. Why Are Location Factors Changing?
Renewed attraction of traditional industrial regions
Proximity to skilled labor
Fordist, or mass production
Post-Fordist, or lean production
Just-in-time delivery