1. Photo: Mark Berger
The slides with the black background along with the quote from Chip Carson are set up to run automatically before the presentation begins. The slides will change automatically after one minute, so the slideshow should begin minutes before the scheduled presentation time.

2. Photo: Lori Greene

3. Photo: Mark Berger

4. Photo: Lori Greene

5. Photo: Anonymous

6. Photos: Hal Kelton

7. Photos: Lori Greene

8. Photo: Jeff Tock

9. Photo: Mark Berger

10. Photos: Mark Berger

11. “Fire protection-rated doors provide critical protection to protect exit enclosures and compartmentalize buildings and stop the spread of fire, smoke, and toxic gases. The proper installation and maintenance of these doors is a critical part of the building’s fire protection system.” ~ Chip Carson, NFPA Journal – 02/08

12. Annual Inspection Requirements for Fire and Egress Door Assemblies
Kim Salvo-Conlon, FDAI
Substitute the presenter’s name for mine.

13. Representing: ADAI – Association of Door Assembly Inspectors
New England-based organization of Fire and Egress Door Assembly Inspectors
DHI – The Door & Hardware Institute
Professional association dedicated to the architectural openings industry.
Door Security & Safety Foundation
Foundation offering the opportunity to learn and experience the vital role that the architectural opening plays in life safety and security.
ADAI is a newly formed Association-less than 1 year old. Our mission is to “promote public safety by educating and raising awareness among local AHJs, building officials, architects, and general contractors about fire door and egress safety requirements: to encourage effective communication between inspectors and other individuals and entities involved in life safety; and to advocate and provide policy guidance for code compliance involving fire door & egress door assemblies.
DHI is the official training organization for the FDAI program.
Door Security & Safety Foundation partners with DHI and now ADAI to further educate on the importance that architectural openings play a vital role in life safety and security.

14. Fire Door Issues Photos: Eyal Bedrik, Lori Greene
Some infractions are obvious, and more often than not very common….non-compliant doors can be found in almost every building.
Photos: Eyal Bedrik, Lori Greene

15. Egress Door Issues Photos: Unknown, Mark Berger
Blocking the door, bolting the door, putting things on the door, holding the door ajar…etc
Photos: Unknown, Mark Berger

16. History has shown us the importance of operational fire and egress doors. A warehouse fire in 1996 left only the part of the building protected by fire doors intact. Source: NFPA Journal
When fire doors are installed and used properly they not only protect lives but property as well as in this example

17. History has shown us the importance of operational fire and egress doors. The Robert Moses Nature Center was protected by this fire door.
Photos: Paul Martin
When you see an actual photo of both sides of an “effective fire door” it is easy to see the benefit

18. The result of how a “properly closed fire door” protected property and life. The door, from the previous screen, was the reason one half of this building is virtually untouched by the fire.

19. History has shown us the importance of operational fire and egress doors.
Inspections and resolution of deficiencies may have saved lives in these examples…

20. Sofa Super Store Charleston, SC – 2007
Fire doors which didn’t close properly allowed the fire to spread.
9 firefighter fatalities.
This, in contrast, shows us what happens when improperly functioning fire doors go un-checked
AP Photo

21. Cook County Admin. Building Chicago, IL - 2003
Stairwell doors which did not unlock upon fire alarm trapped occupants in the smoke-filled stairwell.
6 fatalities.
The importance of knowing “code requirement” and “enforcement” of them is crucial. Re-entry failed in the stairwells of this building causing 6 fatalities
Photo: Matt Smeltzer

22. Rosepark Care Home Uddington, Scotland - 2004
Closers on many residents’ rooms had been disabled at the request of their families.
14 elderly residents died.
Altering the proper function of devices on fire doors, as in this case the closers, can lead to un-necessary loss of life
Photo: Evening Times

23. Harvey’s Lake Board & Care Arlington, Washington - 1998
Stair door held open with a “10-pound block.”
“Once in the interior of the building, the fire traveled through open doorways and the open door to the stairway, cutting off the primary exits from the building.” - NFPA
10 residents died.
Another example of improperly working Fire doors, meant to save lives, allows the fire to block the primary exit: causing 10 fatalities
Photo: NFPA

24. Burlington Avenue Apartments Los Angeles, California - 1993
“The flames spread quickly …left unchecked because a series of fire doors were either propped or nailed open. Most of the victims could not escape the second and third floor hallways, where they suffocated.” – LA Times
“Manning said that in addition to the fire doors, a stairwell and door leading to the roof had been improperly left open, creating a chimney effect in the building that rapidly drew the smoke and fire upward to the third floor.” – LA Times
10 fatalities - 7 children, 3 women, 2 unborn babies
How many innocent victims do we have to have before “fire doors” and there proper usage is enforced?

25. Epitome (E2) Nightclub Chicago, Illinois - 2004
“Nightclub stampede leaves 21 dead, hundreds trapped by locked doors.” – Chicago Tribune
“Locked and blocked doors are a contributing factor. We can't explain how management or ownership would allow that.“ - Fire Commissioner James Joyce
Annual inspections and holding the building owners responsible: Accountability: “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”
Not all incidents involve fire…this “stampede” was caused by security guards spraying mace inside a nightclub to break up a fight. 21 people were crushed to death while trying to escape down 1 exit stair and through 1 door.
Photo: Chicago Tribune

26. Click on the slide to play the video from the Parkside West Apartments fire.
This Powerpoint presentation and the video file must both be saved on your desktop in order for the video to play when you click on the slide.

27. Why does this happen? Uninformed Product Selection Poor Installation
Lack of Maintenance
Improper Field Modification
Abuse / Vandalism
Added Security Devices
Convenience Measures
Ignorance, indifference, budget cuts, or the elevation of security/convenience over life safety.

28. 2010 “Unscientific” Survey
Approx. 750 responses from the general public – not door hardware consultants, not code officials
The Theory: John Q Public doesn’t know much about fire or egress doors, which is why:
Fire doors are propped open.
Egress doors have multiple locks.
Damaged hardware is not replaced.
Doors are improperly modified.

29. Survey Question: What are some of the “rules” about fire doors?
Answers:
“Feel it before opening to see if it’s hot.”
“Don’t use it unless it’s an emergency.”
“They swing out and have a panic bar.”
“Exit single file and under control.”
“I'm SURE the government has certain specifications to help keep us ‘safe’.”
“You got me on this one. I have no idea.”

30. Survey Question: What are some of the “rules” about fire doors?
Answers:
About half of the respondents said either
“Keep them closed – don’t prop them open,” or
“Do not lock or block.”
About a third of the respondents did not know any rules for fire doors.

31. Survey Question: How do you identify a fire door?
Answers:
Metal
Heavier
Thicker
Sign – “Fire Door”
Painted Red
Panic Bar
Exit Sign
No Glass
No Idea
No Clue
10% of respondents answered that the door would have a label.
If JQP can’t identify a fire door, how can they ensure that it’s code-compliant?

32. NFPA
Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives Edition
Referenced by:
There are codes and standards in the industry that define requirements specifically designed to protect life & property

33. IFC - 2009 703.2 Opening protectives.
Opening protectives shall be maintained in an operative condition in accordance with NFPA 80.
Fire doors and smoke barrier doors shall not be blocked or obstructed or otherwise made inoperable.
Fire door assemblies shall not be modified.
IFC – 2009 refers us back to NFPA80
Fire doors have always been required to be maintained…this is not new. But as we know, doors are not properly maintained. The inspection requirements bring focus to the issue and provide a tool for enforcement. By stating that openings must be maintained in accordance with NFPA 80 (vs. “installed” as stated in the IBC), annual inspections must be performed because they’re part of the maintenance requirements in 80.

34. NFPA
Fire-rated door assemblies shall be inspected and tested in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives.
NFPA 101 – 2009 refers us back to NFPA80
NFPA 101 clearly states that fire door assemblies must be inspected in accordance with NFPA 80.

35. NFPA
5.1.1 Application.
This chapter shall cover the care and maintenance of fire doors and fire windows.
The requirements of this chapter shall apply to new and existing installations.
NFPA80 is thoroughly gone through in the DHI FDAI training to assure FDAIs will be knowledgeable in assessing fire doors. It is the building owner’s responsibilty to make sure that their “fire doors” are up to this standard.
Existing buildings are not “grandfathered” regarding annual inspections. NFPA 80 states that the requirements apply to new AND existing installations.

36. NFPA 80 - 2007 5.1.5 Repairs and Field Modifications.
Repairs shall be made, and defects that could interfere with operation shall be corrected without delay.
It’s the building owner’s responsibility to correct deficiencies without delay.

37. NFPA 80 - 2007 Chapter 5 Care and Maintenance 5.2* Inspections.
5.2.1* Fire door assemblies shall be inspected and tested not less than annually, and a written record of the inspection shall be signed and kept for inspection by the AHJ.
This is where the FDAI becomes a valuable partner with not only the building owner, but the AHJ as well. Being able to perform the inspections and prepare a comprehensive report indicating, at the time of inspection, which openings were or were not compliant with NFPA80.
The written record of the inspection must be kept by the building owner for review by the AHJ.

38. NFPA
Annex A
A.5.2 Fire doors, shutters, and windows are of no value unless they are properly maintained and closed or are able to close at the time of fire. A periodic inspection and maintenance program should be implemented and should be the responsibility of the property management.
A Hinges, catches, closers, latches, and stay rollers are especially subject to wear.
This language is part of Annex A in NFPA, and indicates that it is the responsibility of the property manager / building owner to implement an inspection program.

39. Who performs the inspection/testing?
5.2.3 Functional Testing.
Functional testing of fire door and window assemblies shall be performed by individuals with knowledge and understanding of the operating components of the type of door being subject to testing.
Before testing, a visual inspection shall be performed to identify any damaged or missing parts that can create a hazard during testing or affect operation or resetting.
Documentation, both written and visual, is recommended at every door. Remember the inspection report refers to what was seen at the time of inspection. We have no control what happens once we have left that building.
Inspections must be conducted by “individuals with knowledge and understanding” of fire door assemblies. A proprosal has been made to change this to a “qualified” individual, which is a definable term within NFPA 80.

40. Who are these “individuals with knowledge and understanding”?
The Door & Hardware Institute offers a 4-day course on Fire & Egress Door Inspection (prerequisites required)
Certification is available for successful class participants through Intertek’s Warnock Hersey mark.
I would like to point out that NFPA80 neither specifies a training program nor a “certification” requirement however, the DHI training program is very thorough and challenging and any individual who successfully completes it is “an individual with knowledge and understanding of the operating components of the type of door being subject to testing”.
FDAIs who pass the DHI exam may opt to become certified by Intertek, but it is not a requirement.

41. Inspection Process
Building owner or property manager engages a fire door assembly inspector or self- inspects.
Fire door assembly inspector surveys and notes the condition of doors.
Building owner/property manager is responsible for bringing doors into compliance.
Documentation is available for the AHJ to review
It truly is so simple to comply with the standard that it is almost mind boggling that it is not being implemented. As with most things that require change, new information or the un-known I feel it is more ignorance of available resources that keep the Fire Officials from requesting these reports. That was the motivating factor behind forming the ADAI. Our goal is to be a resource to Fire Officials as well as building owners to facilitate these annual inspections.

42. Test/Inspection Documentation
SAMPLE
Fire Exit and Tornado Drills
Emergency Lighting
Fire Alarm System
Fire Suppression System
Kitchen Hood Suppression System
Fire Extinguishers
Standpipes
Boiler
Fire & Egress Doors?
Emergency lighting, Fire Alarm, Fire Suppression are all listed on a School Fire Inspection checklist but not the doors!!!
In the future, the fire door assembly inspection will be one more piece of documentation on the AHJ’s checklist.

43. Graphic: Hal Kelton, DoorData Solutions
This is a sample of a checklist from Door Data Solutions for an FDAI inspector

44. Inspection Criteria
Fire door assemblies shall be visually inspected from both sides to assess the overall condition of door assembly.
As a minimum, the following items shall be verified:

45. Inspection Criteria
(1) No open holes or breaks exist in surfaces of either the door or frame.
Photo: Lori Greene
There are 11 key points of inspection: NFPA to repair see

46. Inspection Criteria
(2) Glazing, vision light frames, and glazing beads are intact and securely fastened in place, if so equipped.
Photo: Kurt Roeper

47. Inspection Criteria
Glass in doors and other “hazardous areas” is now required to be impact-resistant.
This includes glass used in fire doors, which was once exempt from this requirement.
Photo: Kurt Roeper
See NFPA Glazing Material in Fire Doors

48. Inspection Criteria
(3) The door, frame, hinges, hardware, and noncombustible threshold are secured, aligned, and in working order with no visible signs of damage.
Photo: Lori Greene

49. Inspection Criteria (4) No parts are missing or broken.
Photo: Kurt Roeper
Like the doors themselves!!!!!

50. Inspection Criteria
(5) Door clearances at the door edge to the frame, on the pull side of the door, do not exceed clearances listed in and
Photo: Hal Kelton
NFPA Clearances
Photo: Zeke Wolfskehl

51. Inspection Criteria Head, Jambs, & Meeting Stiles:
Wood Doors – 1/8” maximum
Hollow Metal Doors – 1/8” +/- 1/16”
Bottom of Door to Floor or Threshold
¾” maximum
Photo: Hal Kelton
There are tools available to easy measurement I.e. “the door gap gage”
Photo: Zeke Wolfskehl

52. Inspection Criteria
(6) The self-closing device is operational, that is, the active door completely closes when operated from the full open position.
Photos: Unknown

53. Inspection Criteria
(7) If a coordinator is installed, the inactive leaf closes before active leaf.
Photo: Lori Greene

54. Inspection Criteria
Photo: Paul Goldense
(8) Latching hardware operates and secures the door when it is in the closed position.
It MUST LATCH
Photo: Lori Greene

55. Inspection Criteria
Photo: Lori Greene
(9) Auxiliary hardware items that interfere or prohibit operation are not installed on the door or frame.
Photo: Brendan Daley

56. The fire extinguishers are inspected…how about the doors??
Photos: Mark Berger

57. The fire extinguishers are inspected…how about the doors??
Photo: Mark Berger

58. Inspection Criteria
(10) No field modifications to the door assembly have been performed that void the label.
Photo: Unknown
See NFPA Field Modifications Also see Appurtenances and Signage **Also Where a fire door, frame or any part of its appurtenances is damaged to the extent that it could impair the door’s proper emergency function, the following actions shall be performed (1) repair (2) re-test

59. Inspection Criteria
Maximum hole size is 1” diameter, with the exception of cylinder holes.
Photo: Unknown

60. Inspection Criteria
(11) Gasketing and edge seals, where required, are inspected to verify their presence and integrity.
Photo: Unknown
NFPA It is also very important to note that: Door openings and surrounding areas shall be kept clear of anything that could obstruct or interfere with the free operation of the door”

61. Performance-Based Option
As an alternate means of compliance with 5.2.1, subject to the AHJ, fire door assemblies shall be permitted to be inspected, tested, and maintained under a written performance-based program. 

62. Performance-Based Option
Goals established under a performance-based program shall provide assurance that the fire door assembly will perform its intended function when exposed to fire conditions. 
Technical justification for inspection, testing, and maintenance intervals shall be documented. 
Annex J includes guidelines
NFPA is an alternate means of compliance with where “fire door assemblies shall be permitted to be inspected, tested, and maintained under a written performance based program” subject to the AHJ.
This option requires ACCURATE DOCUMENTATION and HISTORICAL DATA I.e. QUANTITATIVE PERFORMANCE-BASED ANALYSES. The following factors should be considered in determining whether a transition to a performance-based test program is warranted: (1) Past door reliability (2) Resource expenditures (3) administrative burden. This is a time intensive alternative but may prove to be the most cost-effective over the long term for a very large facility.

63. Westfield State University
>3,000 fire-rated and/or egress doors
University employee passed the DHI course and exam to become an FDAI
Working on a plan with their local AHJ
This is a facility where Performance-based option would likely be implemented

64. NFPA
5.2.1* Inspections.
Smoke door assemblies shall be inspected annually.
Doors shall be operated to confirm full closure.
Hardware and gaskets shall be inspected annually, and any parts found to be damaged or inoperative shall be replaced.
Tin clad and Kalamein doors shall be inspected regularly for dry rot.
A written record shall be maintained and shall be made available to the authority having jurisdiction.
Records shall be maintained for not less than 3 years.
Smoke doors require annual inspections as well, per NFPA 105.

65. NFPA 101 – 2009
New & Existing
Assembly
Educational
Day Care
Detention & Correctional
Residential Board & Care
Doors which are required to swing in the direction of egress.
Annual inspection with written record.
NFPA 101 requires certain egress doors to be inspected annually.

66. NFPA 101 – 2009
(1) Floor space on both sides of the openings is clear of obstructions, and door leaves open fully and close freely.
(2) Forces required to set door leaves in motion and move to the fully open position do not exceed the requirements in
(3) Latching and locking devices comply with
(4) Releasing hardware devices are installed in accordance with
(5) Door leaves of paired openings are installed in accordance with

67. NFPA 101 – 2009
(6) Door closers are adjusted properly to control the closing speed of door leaves in accordance with accessibility requirements.
(7) Projection of door leaves into the path of egress does not exceed the encroachment permitted by
(8) Powered door openings operate in accordance with
(9) Required signage intact and legible.
(10) Door openings with special locking arrangements function in accordance with
(11) Security devices that impede egress are not installed on openings, as required by

68. Summary Inspection and documentation is an annual requirement.
Qualified inspectors ensure adherence to proper procedures.
Documentation must be maintained for review by the AHJ.

69. Resources: ADAI – Association of Door Assembly Inspectors
DHI – The Door & Hardware Institute
Door Security & Safety Foundation
NFPA – National Fire Protection Association

70. Questions?