1. ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration1

2. Role of SUN in photosynthesis?
Role of photon?
Why are pigments important? JOB?
Name the main pigment – location?
Name of other pigments – Roles?
Why do leaves change color in fall?
What do plants use to start photosynthesis?
Why do plants have different pigments?
Why aren’t plant black?
Why do plants appear green?
What color of the light spectrum do plants use?

3. Purpose of the pigments
Purpose of the pigments. Name several types of pigments Way do trees leaves change colors in fall? Way do plants have multiple pigments? Why do plants appear green? What part of the spectrum do plants use? Why are they not black? Location of pigments? Which wavelengths are more dangerous?

4. Bellringers
½ - Describe the 2 types of feedback loops. 1/5 – What do plants need to complete for photosynthesis? 1/8 – Describe why plants need pigments and name two types of pigments. 1/9 – Describe why the trees lose their leaves in the fall. 1/10- Write the equation for photosynthesis. 1/11 – Name the 2 steps of photosynthesis and location of each.

5. Bellringers
1/22 – Describe the purpose of photosynthesis and location of this process.

6. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

7. THE FOOD WEB What does ATP have to do with a food web?

8. Living things need energy to survive and function. 2
Living things need energy to survive and function.
You get the energy you need from the food you eat.
Where does that energy come from?
Sun  Plants  You !!!

9. What do you use energy for?
What Does ATP Do for You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!
What do you use energy for? 9

10. Copyright Cmassengale
What Is ATP?
A molecule that carries the energy used by all cells
Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds
Copyright Cmassengale 10

11. ATP Make in CELLULAR RESPIRATION!! Fueling the body’s economy
eat high energy organic molecules
food = carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
Make in CELLULAR RESPIRATION!!
ATP
Whoa! Hot stuff!

12. When is ATP Made in the Body?
During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals in the mitochondria
Copyright Cmassengale 12

13. How does ATP transfer energy?+
ATP
ADP
ATP  ADP
BONDS ALWAYS CONTAIN ENERGY!!!
WHEN YOU BREAK A BOND ENERGY IS RELEASED!!
FORMING A BOND TAKES ENERGY!!
How does ATP transfer energy?
By phosphorylating
Think of the 3rd Pi as the bad boyfriend ATP tries to dump off on someone else = phosphorylating
How does phosphorylating provide energy?
Pi is very electronegative. Got lots of OXYGEN!! OXYGEN is very electronegative. Steals e’s from other atoms in the molecule it is bonded to. As e’s fall to electronegative atom, they release energy.
Makes the other molecule “unhappy” = unstable. Starts looking for a better partner to bond to. Pi is again the bad boyfriend you want to dump.
You’ve got to find someone else to give him away to. You give him away and then bond with someone new that makes you happier (monomers get together).
Eventually the bad boyfriend gets dumped and goes off alone into the cytoplasm as a free agent = free Pi.

14. How Do We Get Energy From ATP?
By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP 14

15. How Does ATP Work? So what? Energy is stored in these bonds. So?
The breaking of the chemical bond releases the energy
ATP + H2O→ ADP + P + ENERGY
ATP is made in photosynthesis and respiration!!!
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a a molecule that carries energy that cells can use.

16. 5
ATP
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups

17. Copyright Cmassengale
How Does That Happen?
An Enzyme!
ATPase
Copyright Cmassengale 17

18. Copyright Cmassengale
The ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP Synthetase
ATP-ase
Copyright Cmassengale 18

19. Why do consumer need plants? What is the role of plants?
Phenomena
Why do consumer need plants? What is the role of plants?

20. Describe the function of plant parts

21. THE SUN: WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
Source of light energy Source of heat energy Gravitational attraction Source of radiation Day and night
Source of all energy(electricity)
Source of food for all organisms!!!!

22. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Light Energy(photons) Harvested by Plants & Other Photosynthetic Autotrophs
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

23. Sunlight & Plants - ?????? Sunlight energy is called electromagnetic
Energy. Travels in waves.
Plants traps energy in pigments.
Electromagnetic spectrum – full range of wavelengths received from the Sun.

24. Wavelength
Wavelength is the distance between two crests of a wave. Shorter the wavlength the more dangerous

25. Wavelength

26. Visible Light
Wavelengths 380 – 750 nm Shorter the wavelength the more dangerous. They contain more energy!!!

27. Photons
Waves contains packages of energy called photons. – package of enegry from the Sun

28. `

29. SUN’S SPECTRUM

30. Energy is in the WAVE!
Shorter the waves are dangerous BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN MORE ENERGY!! Such as gamma to UV are dangerous, Of course white light is not dangerous. BUT can be used to excited electrons to power photosynthesis.

31. WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN?
Plants are absorbing all colors except green as photons to power photosynthesis!!!!
Gamma rays
Micro- waves
Radio
waves
X-rays UV
Infrared
Visible light
Wavelength (nm)

32. Electromagnetic Spectrum and Visible Light
Gamma rays
Infrared & Microwaves
X-rays UV
Radio waves
Visible light
Wavelength (nm)

33. Absorption vs Reflection
The color you see something is the wavelength that is reflected. All other colors are absorbed Literally, plants absorb those photons to use them in photosynthesis.

34. The feathers of male cardinals are loaded with carotenoid pigments
The feathers of male cardinals are loaded with carotenoid pigments. These pigments absorb some wavelengths of light and reflect others.
Reflected light
Sunlight minus absorbed wavelengths or colors equals the apparent color of an object.

35. Pigment and Light Plant gather the Sun’s energy(photons)
with light-absorbing molecules called
PIGMENTS.
Pigments: photosynthetic organisms
capture energy(photons) using pigments.
Pigments are located on the thylakoid
membrane

36. Where are pigments Located??? Thylakaiod membrane

37. THE COLOR OF LIGHT SEEN IS THE COLOR NOT ABSORBED.
Reflected
light
Light
Absorbed
light
Transmitted
light
Chloroplast

38. Plants are green BECAUSE!!
Chlorophyll a & b absorb all colors but green in the thylakoid membrane as photons to jump start photosynthesis. They use all the colors but green.

39. Why Not Black? TOO MUCH ENERGY!!!!!!!
If they absorbed all the photons, then they would get too much energy and be damaged.

40. Chlorophyll a – green pigments in plants and bacteria MAIN PIGMENT!!!!
Accessory Pigments – pigments that pass photons to chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b in green algae
Carotenoids – orange, red, yellow when chloroplast die in plants. Chlorophyll breaks down first in the fall so we see these colors.
Xanthophyll – yellow pigments in diatoms(protists)
Figure 7.7

41. WHY DO TREES THROUGH THEIR LEAVES IN THE FALL?
Chart of Pigments
WHY DO TREES THROUGH THEIR LEAVES IN THE FALL?

42. Why do plants lose their leaves?
Decidious Plants – lose their leaves In the fall, the plants quit taking in water in their roots. Adaptation to winter. If water was located in the xylem, the first freeze would cause it to bust. Chlorophyll is the first pigment to dissolve, leaving the accessory pigments to show through. Each plant has different accessory pigments.

43. Why should a plant have a variety of pigments?
MORE ABSORPTION – but not TOO much!!!
Goldilocks effect
MORE PIGMENTS;MORE ABSORPTION!!!!

44. . b a 19

45. Different pigments absorb light differently

46. Practice Absorption Graphs!!

47. Photosynthesis
Name what plants need to complete photosynthesis. Name what they produce Name the location.

48. Where does photosynthesis take place?12

49. Where does photosynthesis occur?
CHLOROPLAST!!
BUT there are different parts of the choroplasts you must know!

50. The location and structure of chloroplasts
LEAF CROSS SECTION
MESOPHYLL CELL
LEAF
Mesophyll
CHLOROPLAST
Intermembrane space
Outer
membrane
Granum
Inner membrane
Grana
Stroma
Thylakoid compartment
Stroma
Thylakoid

51. The Internal Structure of a Leaf14
The Internal Structure of a Leaf
Section 23-4
CO2 enters through the stomata
Epidermis
Chloroplasts
Stomata
Goes in
Guard cells
CO2

53. Parts of the Chloroplasts
Thylakoids: flat compartments in the chloroplast that contains plant pigments. LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION occurs here.
Grana: are stacks of thylakoids.
Stroma: fluid that is all around the grana inside the chorplast. LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION occurs here.

54. Why are Chloroplast Important?
The chloroplasts contain the PIGMENTS
that absorb the Sun’s energy as photons and use this energy to excite electrons which power photosynthesis. To break apart water and carbon dioxide, you must have energy!!!!

55. LETS START AT THE BEGINNING!!!!!!!

56. AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophic organisms use light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water
ENERGY MUST BE SLOWLY RELEASED OR LOSE THE ENERGY!!!
Carbon dioxide
Water
Glucose
Oxygen gas
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

57. Where does each reactant enter the plant???28

58. Photosystems
Photosystems: They contain the pigments. They are a cluster of chlorophyll and proteins that absorb the sun’s energy and generate the high energy electrons that are passed to the electron carrier molecules.
Their energy ends up in ATP and NADPH
II is before I because it was discovered first!

59. Light indedenpent/ Calvin Cycle Light dependent Reaction
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy from sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis
Occurs in two Steps
Light indedenpent/ Calvin Cycle
Light dependent Reaction
Occurs (location)
Occurs (location)
Produces
Produces
Oxygen
ATP
NADPH
Thylakoid Membrane
Stroma
Glucose 26

60. Two Stages of Photosynthesis
1. Light dependent – occurs in the thylakoid membrane 2. Light independent – occurs in the stroma

62. Plants produce O2 gas by splitting H2O
The photons from the Sun is gathered by pigments to split water. Starts photosynthesis.

63. High Energy Electrons and Molecules
Examples of electron carriers:
NADP and ATP
NADP captures two electrons of H and
becomes NADPH.
ADP becomes ATP!!!

64. Summary—Light Dependent Reactions
a. Overall input
photons, H2O.
b. Overall output
ATP, NADPH – carry energy
to Light in dependent
O2 (waste).

66. Overview Calvin Cycle
In put: ATP, NADPH, and Carbon dioxide
Output: GLUCOSE!!
The end goal – Make glucose from the SUN!!