1. Which type of plant is most closely related to flowering plants?
Cladograms
DETERMINING EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS
Which type of plant is most closely related to flowering plants?
CONIFERS

2. History of classification systems
Aristotle – Plants and Animals
Linneaus – developed BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
TWO KINGDOMS: plants and animals
THREE kingdoms: plant, animal, Protist
FIVE kingdoms: plant, animal, Protist, fungi, Moneran

3. CLASSIFICATION Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Scientific name is genus and species name. Organisms in same genus are closely related

4. FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION
Moneran
Bacteria
Prokaryotic
No nucleus
Have cell wall
Unicellular
Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic
Protist
Protozoans, algae
Eukaryotic
Have nucleus
Some have cell wall
Mainly unicellular
Fungi
Mushroom, yeast
Mainly multicellular
heterotrophic
Plant
Moss, fern, trees, flowers
All multicellular
autotrophic
Animal
Sponge, annelids, amphibians, birds, mammals
No cell wall

5. Dichotomous key Always begin with #1
Follow directions using choices given
What shape is “Gina”?
Equilateral triangle

6. Types of Plants Bryophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Non-vascular
No xylem or phloem
Examples are mosses
They are small
Have to be near water
No pollen, seeds, flowers, or fruits
Gymnosperms
Vascular
Xylem to move water
Phloem to move food
Examples are conifers
Have pollen (sperm)
Have seeds on cones
No fruits or flowers
Angiosperms
Examples are flowering plants like oak trees, corn, and roses
Have seeds in fruits
Have flowers

7. PLANT ADAPTATIONS
FLOWERS AND FRUITS
ROOT, STEM, LEAF
Flowers have bright petals to attract pollinators Pollen (Sperm) can be transferred by animals When egg joins with pollen, a seed is formed in the ovary The ovary becomes the fruit Fruit surrounds and protects seed Fruit also helps get baby plants in seeds away from parent plant
Roots are adapted to absorb water with root hairs Leaves are adapted for photosynthesis by being flat and green Stems move water with xylem

8. TYPES OF ANIMALS Annelids Insects Amphibians Mammals Segmented worms
No backbone
“breathe” through skin
Closed circulatory system
External fertilization
External development
Insects
No backbome
Three body segments
Six legs
Wings
Open circulatory system
Females may store sperm
metamorphosis
Amphibians
Have backbone
Moist skin
Gills when young, lungs when adult
Three chambered heart
Cold-blooded
Metamorphosils
Jelly like egg
Mammals
Backbone
Hair
Milk glands
Lungs
Four chambered heart
Warm-blooded
Internal fertilization
Internal development
Amniote egg