1. DATABASE DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT
physical data model
Zatil Ridh'wah Hj Darot

2. database design

3. database design methodology
Step 1- The methodology started by producing a conceptual data model.
Step 2 - Derived a set of relations to produce a logical data model. The derived relations were validated to ensure they were correctly structured using the technique of normalization to ensure that they ______________- the transactions the users require.
Step 3 - the designer must decide how to translate the logical database design (that is, the entities, attributes, relationships, and constraints) into a physical database design that can be implemented using the target DBMS.

5. database model level
A Conceptual model represents reality in an abstracted form that can be used in developing an information system in a wide variety of formats (e.g. relational, object-oriented, flat-file, etc.)
It is hardware and software independent
It is independent of any logical model type
A Logical model ______________ in the format required by a particular database model (e.g. relational or object-oriented)
Is still hardware and software independent
Depends on the chosen logical model type
A Physical model is created specifically for a particular database software package
Is dependent on hardware, software, and on the chosen logical model type

6. physical database design
The process of selecting data storage and data access characteristics of database.

7. software development
Different software development options for developing the relational database system includes:
Purchase commercial off the shelf software
Build in-house
Outsource to _______________

8. Purchase commercial off the shelf software
Pros
cons
Cost effective
Free trials allow you to try before you buy
Tried and tested solutions
Almost ________________ after purchase
May include additional features that you don't need or may never use
Adapting to changes within the business may not be available
Cannot own the rights to the system
Possible future upgrade, ______________, and other additional fees

9. build in-house Easier planning and changing up to recent requirements
pros
cons
Easier planning and changing up to recent requirements
Less to be spent on ___________
Shorter communication routes
Opportunity to gain experience and learn - developing products by knowledge on how to make them
More staff needed to complete all the tasks
Specialist knowledge required
New challenges to be faced (resource planning, new infrastructure, management of storage space, etc)

10. Outsource to third party vendor
pros
cons
You can focus your energy on what matters most for your business
Professionals can get work done faster because it takes less time
Your business gets more ___________________
You’ll save time (and money, because your time is money you’re missing out on — more on that later)
Needs much more work in finding the right companies to outsource to
Dependent on the external supplier's deadline (risk of delaying the project)
Cost of logistics
Threat to Security and _______________

11. references
Conolly, T. and Begg, C. (2014) Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management. 6th Ed. Global Edition. Pearson.