1. #13 List the 4 steps of the technological Design process.
Then follow directions on the white board.
Answer:
Students should draw a nucleotide and label the phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base. (3 pts for parts, 2 points for correct bonds)

2. 1

3. What are Macromolecules?
Macromolecules – large organic molecules (meaning they contain carbon) used for various functions in living things
We can’t live without them!!
EVERYTHING we will learn for the rest of the semester will be based upon one of these macromolecules 2

4. Most macromolecules are polymers, built of monomers.
Monomers and Polymers
Most macromolecules are polymers, built of monomers.
Monomers: small, basic unit (ex. think Brick)
Polymers: complex structure made of monomers (ex. think Brick House) 3

5. Types of Macromolecules:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids 4

6. Carbohydrates Main Function= short-term ENERGY
Other uses = structure/support
Found in: sugar and starch (therefore breads, pastas, fruits and veggies) 5

7. 2 types of Carbohydrates:
a. Monomer = Monosaccharides – single sugar molecules
Ex. Glucose, Galactose, Fructose
b. Polymer = Polysaccharides – large molecules formed by monosaccharides.
Ex. Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose 6

8. Energy Storage of Carbs
4 calories/milligram
Because it is short term energy, your body can access it very easily so it is the FIRST thing you will break down to get energy when you need it! 7

9. Lipids Main Function= Long-term Energy Storage
Other uses = cushioning organs, insulation, hormones, cell membrane
Found in: Fats, oils, phospholipids (in the cell membrane), steroids 8

10. Lipids Monomer = Fatty Acids
Polymer = fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids, hormones
Energy Storage = 9 calories/milligram
When your body runs out of carbs, it will then break down lipids to get energy 9

11. Phospholipids = a special lipid
Structure = 2 fatty acids and one phosphate.
These molecules are found making up the plasma membrane of cells.
The phosphate group is hydrophilic while the fatty acid area is hydrophobic. 10

12. Vocabulary Cards 1. Macromolecules 2. Carbohydrates 3. Monosaccharides
4. Polysaccharides
5. Lipids (fats)
6. Glycerol
7. Fatty Acid
8. Proteins
9. Amino Acids
10. Nucleic Acid
11. Nucleotides
Vocabulary Cards

13. Which macromolecule is used for short term energy?
Exit Ticket
Which macromolecule is used for short term energy?

14. #16 1. What does the prefix “Macro” mean?
2. What macromolecule is used for short term energy?
3. What is a monosaccharide?
4. What are lipids used for?
5. What macromolecule does your body burn for long term energy?
Answers: (1 pt each)
Large
Carbohydrates
Simple sugar; monomer of carbs; glucose
Long-term energy storage, insulation, or cushioning of organs
Lipids

15. Proteins Most diverse macromolecule
Most abundant macromolecule (make up 50% of cell’s biomass)
They literally RUN your body!! 11

16. Functions of Proteins
1. Enzymes control the rate of chemical reactions
2. Hormones regulate cell processes (ex. Insulin)
3. Used to form bones and muscles (ex. Collagen)
4. Transports substances in & out of cells (ex. Hemoglobin)
5. Antibodies help fight diseases
6. Food source (Ex. Casein in milk) 12

17. Proteins
Found in = meats, nuts, Greek yogurt, etc. Examples in your body include hemoglobin and insulin
Monomer = Amino Acids
Polymer = Polypeptide
(amino acids are linked
together by a peptide bond)
Energy Storage = 4 calories/milligram
Because they have so many other uses though, they are the LAST thing your body will break down if it needs energy 13

18. Importance of Folding:
Form dictates function
The shape of the protein determines what it does 14

19. Nucleic Acids
Main Function: store & transmit hereditary or genetic information
Ex. DNA, RNA
You get them from your PARENTS not your food! 15

20. Nucleic Acids Structure Monomers = nucleotides Polymer = Nucleic Acid
Ex. A, G, T, C, U
5-carbon sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
Polymer = Nucleic Acid
Ex. DNA and RNA 16

21. Energy Storage of Nucleic Acids
0 calories/milligram
Nucleic Acids are NOT EVER broken down for energy!! They don’t even store any energy!!
Great summary video to watch after is this Crash Course: 21 17

22. Vocabulary Cards 1. Macromolecules 2. Carbohydrates 3. Monosaccharides
4. Polysaccharides
5. Lipids (fats)
6. Glycerol
7. Fatty Acid
8. Proteins
9. Amino Acids
10. Nucleic Acid
11. Nucleotides
Vocabulary Cards

23. What macromolecule does your body never break down for energy?
Exit Ticket
What macromolecule does your body never break down for energy?
Nucleic acid

24. #17 Starches and sugars are which macromolecule?
What macromolecule is used for contracting muscles?
What macromolecule is composed of fatty acids?
Which macromolecule stores our genetic information?
What is the polymer of proteins?
Answers: (1 pt each)
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Polypeptides

25. #18
1. List the order in which our body breaks down the macromolecules to get energy.
2. What macromolecule makes up the cell membrane?
Answers:
First carbs, then lipids, last proteins, and NEVER Nucleic Acids. (4)
Lipids (1)

26. Watch Video for review
(14 minute summary video)

27. Practice Make a macromolecules foldable.
-include main function, found in, monomer, polymer, and energy storage.

28. Exit Ticket
Nucleic acid

29. #19 1. Draw a phospholipid and label its parts. Answer:
The head should be labeled Head, Hydrophilic, and Polar. (2.5)
The two tails should be labeled Tails, Hydrophobic, and Nonpolar. (2.5)

30. Exit Ticket
Nucleic acid

31. #20 1. Draw the monomer of a nucleic acid and label its three parts.
Answer:
Students should draw a nucleotide and label the phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base. (3 pts for parts, 2 points for correct bonds)

32. Exit Ticket
Nucleic acid