1. Thermodynamics Atmosphere
Moisture and atmospheric stability

2. Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere
What is the pressure vertical gradient of the atmosphere?

3. Processes That Lift Air – orographic lifting

4. Processes That Lift Air: frontal lifting

5. Processes That Lift Air: convergence

6. Processes That Lift Air: Localized convective lifting

7. Poisson Equation

8. Adiabatic Temperature Changes

9. Environmental Lapse Rate

10. Environmental Lapse Rate

11. Atmospheric Stability

12. Atmospheric Stability

13. Stability and Daily Weather
Instability is enhanced by:
Intense warming of the lowest layer of the atmosphere
Heating of an air mass from below
Wintertime polar air moves southward over the great lakes
Radiation cooling from cloud tops
Stability is enhanced by:
Radiation cooling of Earth’s surface after sunset
Cooling of an air mass from below as it traverses cold surfaces
Warm air from the Gulf of Mexico moves northward to the cold land of Midwest in winter