1. ATP
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration

2. Living things need energy to survive and function. 2
Living things need energy to survive and function.
You get the energy you need from the food you eat.
Where that that energy come from?
Sun  Plants  You !!!

3. ATP 3 Universal Energy Molecule The cell’s “Energy Bank”
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Consist of
a sugar called ribose
N containing Adenine
Three phosphate groups
DRAW A SKETCH! 3

4. ATP ADP ADP-Adenosine Diphosphate
The bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP are VERY HIGH ENERGY.
When a phosphate group is removed-energy is released.
So, energy is STORED in the bonds of ATP.
This energy can be used to do cellular activities. 4

5. To obtain energy to do cellular work, the cell hydrolyzes the ATP, releasing the stored energy and forming ADP and phosphate once again.
The energy can then be used to drive reactions. 5

6. Cell can make ATP from ADP by using the energy from carbohydrates.
This means that the energy in carbohydrates is then stored in ATP until needed by cells
This process is known as phosphorylation. 6

7. Phosphorylation: The process of adding a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP.
Draw it! 7

8. ATP
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups 8

9. ATP is converted into ADP9
ADP
ATP P P
Fully
charged
battery
Partially
charged
battery

10. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

11. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce high energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches. 10

12. Where does photosynthesis take place?11

13. Plants 12 Autotrophs: self-producers. Location: 1. Leaves a. stomata
b. cells
Cell
Chloroplast
Stomata 12

14. The Internal Structure of a Leaf
Section 23-4
CO2 enters through the stomata
Epidermis
Chloroplasts
Stomata 13
Guard cells

15. 14 Using this energy from the sunlight, chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are only found in photosynthetic, eukaryotic cells. Chloroplasts are capable of harnessing energy from the sun's rays of light.
Using this energy from the sunlight, chloroplasts
are able to form ATP as well as synthesizing sugars from water and carbon dioxide. 14

16. 15 Chloroplast Organelle where photosynthesis takes place. Stroma
Outer Membrane
Thylakoid
Granum
Inner Membrane 15

17. Thylakoid
Thylakoid Membrane
Granum
Thylakoid Space 16

18. Chloroplast Picture 17

19. Things to know about Chloroplasts
have a double membrane the inner membrane the outer membrane
have their own DNA this carries the information to make the enzymes
have their own ribosomes more like the ribosomes of prokaryotes than eukaryotes make their own enzymes required for photosynthesis require carbon dioxide and water produce glucose
contain chlorophyll this green chemical "traps" sunlight energy 18

20. 19 Plants absorb certain wavelengths of light Blue and Red.
Pigments are molecules that absorb light.
The main pigment is Chlorophyll.
When they absorb light, they are absorbing Energy. b a 19

21. Photosynthesis Products and Reactants
Light Energy
SUN
Sugars + O2
Chloroplast
CO2 + H2O
Glucose & O2 20

22. Formula For Photosynthesis
6 _____ ______ __________
______ + 6______
Reactants
Products 21

23. STAGE 1: LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS.
The Process of Photosynthesis does NOT Happen all at Once; rather it occurs in  TWO STAGES:
STAGE 1: LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS.
Energy is Capture from Sunlight.  Water is Split into Hydrogen Ions, Electrons, and Oxygen (O2).  The O2 Diffuses out of the Chloroplasts (Byproduct).
The Light Energy is Converted to Chemical Energy, which is Temporarily Stored in ATP and NADPH.
STAGE 2: DARK REACTION (CALVIN CYCLE).
The Chemical Energy Stored in ATP and NADPH powers the formation of Organic Compounds (Sugars), Using Carbon Dioxide, CO2.
This is a light Independent reaction. It can happen during the daylight, it just does NOT need to light be completed. 22

24. 23 Photosynthesis: An Overview LIGHT REACTION DARK REACTION
Section 8-3
Thylakoid Membrane
Stroma
Water O2
Sugars
CO2
SUNLIGHT
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
NADP+
ADP + P
Light-
Dependent
Reactions
Calvin
Cycle
ATP
NADPH
Go to Section: 23

25. Photosynthesis Overview: Concept Map
Occurs in two Steps
Light Reaction
Dark Reaction
Occurs (location)
Occurs (location)
Produces
Produces
Oxygen ATP
Stroma
Thylakoid Membrane
Glucose 24

26. Photosynthesis Concept Map
includes
Light-
dependent
reactions
Dark Reaction
takes place in
uses
use
take place in
Thylakoid
membranes
Stroma
NADPH
ATP
Energy from
sunlight
to produce of
to produce
ATP
NADPH O2
Chloroplasts
Glucose
Go to Section: 25

27. PLANTS STORE ENERGY FROM THE SUN IN THE BONDS OF GLUCOSE !!!!
CLIP 26

28. LIGHT REACTION
DARK REACTION

29. Cellular Respiration 28

30. Cellular Respiration)
the process that occurs in cells in which cells break down sugar for ENERGY!
Occurs in cytoplasm and Mitochondria.  29

31. Cellular Respiration Overview:
We get our energy from the food we eat.
The unit for energy is the calorie.
Plants are producers and make glucose by the process of photosynthesis.
Heterotrophs breakdown glucose for energy.
There are two important ways a cell can harvest energy from food: fermentation and cellular respiration. 30

32. Step1: Glycolysis 31 Means “Splitting Glucose”
Both pathways start with Glycolysis.
Glycolysis starts with Glucose.
Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules called Pyruvate.
Happens in the Cytoplasm. 31

33. 32
Products of Gylcolysis

34. 33

35. Summary of Glycolysis
1. One glucose (6C) converted into 2 pyruvates (3C).
Net yield of 2 ATP for use by cell.
CLIP 34

36. 35

37. REVIEW
Glycolysis is the first step of reactions that break glucose apart to release the energy it holds in its C-H bonds.
Where did this energy come from?
Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm.
Glycolysis dos not need oxygen!
Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic (With oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration! 36

38. Aerobic Respiration 37

39. 38

40. In the presence of OXYGEN: Step 2: Krebs Cycle Step 3: Electron Transport
Happens in the Mitochondria
Starts with Pyruvate.
Pyruvate moves into the mitochondria and is broken down into CO2 , H2O and ATP. 39

41. Mitochondria Anatomy 40

42. Fermentation (without oxygen)
With oxygen
Respiration
Section 9-1
Glucose
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Glycolysis
Alcohol or lactic acid
Fermentation (without oxygen)
With out oxygen 41
Go to Section:

43. In the presence of oxygen: Pyruvate is converted into carbon dioxide and water in the Krebs cycle.
After the Krebs cycle, 36 ATP are created in the electron transport chain. 42

44. Electron Transport Chain
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Reactants
Final Products
Glucose (C6H1206) +
Oxygen (02)
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2) +
Water
(H2O) 43
Go to Section:

45. Fermentation
Without oxygen: Pyruvate is converted into Lactic Acid or Alcohol during Fermentation.
Lactic Acid-Muscle cells
Alcohol- Yeast 44

46. Anaerobic Respiration45

47. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Section 9-1
Lactic acid
Glucose
Pyruvic acid 46
Go to Section:

48. Anaerobic: Fermentation
Section 9-2
Reactant
Products
Glucose (C6H1206)
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Lactic Acid Or
Alcohol 47
Go to Section:

49. 48

50. Respiration Formula 49 6____ + ___ ___ and 6___ + 6__ + 36 ATP
Review Clip
6____ + ___ ___ and 6___ + 6__ + 36 ATP 49

51. Energy Converters video. Click picture.50