1. 1
Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

2. The actions of an organism are based on _____ activities.
cell
tissue
organ systems
Answer: B. The cell is the basic unit of life, hence answer B is correct. Answers A, C, and D are combinations of tissues, cells, and organs, respectively; these choices are incorrect.
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3. The actions of an organism are based on _____ activities.
cell
tissue
organ systems
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4. A group of organisms of a species living together in an environment is referred to as
a population.
a community.
an ecosystem.
the biosphere.
Answer: A. Population is the correct choice. Choice B is incorrect because a community is a group of organisms of different species living together and sharing an environment; choice C is incorrect since an ecosystem consists of all the living and nonliving things in a particular area; choice D is incorrect since the biosphere is an area in which all living things exist.
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5. A group of organisms of a species living together in an environment is referred to as
a population.
a community.
an ecosystem.
the biosphere.
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6. What is the correct order (from small to large) in a living cell or an organism?
cells, organelles, organ system, community, ecosystems
molecules, organism, population, communities, biosphere
molecules, cells, tissues, ecosystems, communities
organelles, cells, population, biosphere, ecosystems
cells, organs, population, ecosystems, communities
Answer: B.
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7. What is the correct order (from small to large) in a living cell or an organism?
cells, organelles, organ system, community, ecosystems
molecules, organism, population, communities, biosphere
molecules, cells, tissues, ecosystems, communities
organelles, cells, population, biosphere, ecosystems
cells, organs, population, ecosystems, communities
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8. A group of different elements arranged in a set ratio is referred as a(an)
atom.
molecule.
compound.
organelle.
cell.
Answer: C.
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9. A group of different elements arranged in a set ratio is referred as a(an)
atom.
molecule.
compound.
organelle.
cell.
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10. A DNA molecule is made up of deoxyribose sugar, phosphate (a functional group), and
adenine.
cytosine.
guanine.
thymine.
all of these.
Answer: E.
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11. A DNA molecule is made up of deoxyribose sugar, phosphate (a functional group), and
adenine.
cytosine.
guanine.
thymine.
all of these.
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12. The entire set of genetic information in a cell or an organism is referred as a
chromosome.
chromatin.
gene.
genome.
Answer: D.
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13. The entire set of genetic information in a cell or an organism is referred as a
chromosome.
chromatin.
gene.
genome.
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14. Like jackrabbits, elephants have many blood vessels in their ears that help them cool their bodies by radiating heat. Which of the following statements about this radiated energy is accurate?
The original source of the energy was the sun.
The energy will be recycled through the ecosystem.
The radiated energy will be trapped by predators of the elephants.
More energy is radiated in cold conditions than in hot conditions.
More energy is radiated at night than during the day.
Answer: A. Energy is a concept that is essential for all students to understand. This question will help students understand a number of ideas about energy. Answer A is the correct answer; students should understand that the energy from the sun powers all living systems (except deep-ocean vent communities). Energy is lost to the system as heat, whereas atoms can be used over and over again; thus, answer B is incorrect. Answer C is related to answer B and is incorrect because the heat that is radiated from the ears is not available to other organisms—only the energy stored in the tissues of the jackrabbit is available to the predator. Answers D and E are incorrect for the same reason—more heat is radiated when the jackrabbit is warmer (either in hot conditions or during the day).
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15. Like jackrabbits, elephants have many blood vessels in their ears that help them cool their bodies by radiating heat. Which of the following statements about this radiated energy is accurate?
The original source of the energy was the sun.
The energy will be recycled through the ecosystem.
The radiated energy will be trapped by predators of the elephants.
More energy is radiated in cold conditions than in hot conditions.
More energy is radiated at night than during the day.
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16. The idea that form and function are related is not exemplified by which of the following examples?
Cells in the intestinal lining of vertebrates have many small projections that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
Plants that live in dry areas have large roots for absorbing water.
Seeds that are dispersed by wind are very light.
Fish that swim rapidly have bodies that are streamlined.
none of the above
Answer: E. The relationship between form and function is very important and results from the action of natural selection. In this question, all answers show a relationship between form and function, and therefore none of them connects correctly to the stem.
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17. The idea that form and function are related is not exemplified by which of the following examples?
Cells in the intestinal lining of vertebrates have many small projections that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.
Plants that live in dry areas have large roots for absorbing water.
Seeds that are dispersed by wind are very light.
Fish that swim rapidly have bodies that are streamlined.
none of the above
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18. Which of the following kingdoms comprises mostly unicellular eukaryotes?
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Answer: B.
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19. Which of the following kingdoms comprises mostly unicellular eukaryotes?
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
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20. Which of the following is an activity that would not reflect the practice of science?
Science is typically performed alone in the lab.
Data are typically collected by teams of students and experienced researchers.
Scientists typically reexamine conclusions or repeat experiments from other large, famous labs.
Scientists who work in forests studying ecology often collaborate closely with geneticists who work only in the lab.
The practice of science results in a discovery that lends new insight, and technology involves how this new insight will be applied to develop a new drug.
Answer: A.
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21. Which of the following is an activity that would not reflect the practice of science?
Science is typically performed alone in the lab.
Data are typically collected by teams of students and experienced researchers.
Scientists typically reexamine conclusions or repeat experiments from other large, famous labs.
Scientists who work in forests studying ecology often collaborate closely with geneticists who work only in the lab.
The practice of science results in a discovery that lends new insight, and technology involves how this new insight will be applied to develop a new drug.
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