1. Outline H History of lightwave undersea cable systems H Optical amplifier technologies H Examples of lightwave undersea cable networks – TPC-5CN – APCN – FLAG – JIH H Future technologies – WDM – Optical Soliton

2. Transmission capacity of the undersea cable systems in the Pacific ocean

3. Lightwave undersea cable systems in the Pacific ocean

4. Major system parameters of TPC-3 and TPC-4 system

5. Transmission loss characteristics of the SiO 2 based optical fiber

6. Basic system configuration of the lightwave undersea cable system

7. Block diagrams of the repeater circuits

8. Reliability issues of the optical repeater

9. Outline H History of lightwave undersea cable systems H Optical amplifier technologies H Examples of lightwave undersea cable networks – TPC-5CN – APCN – FLAG – JIH H Future technologies – WDM – Optical Soliton

10. Principle of the Erbium-doped fiber optical amplifier (EDFA)

11. Basic configuration of the EDFA

12. Example of electro-optic repeater and EDFA Electro-optic repeaterEDFA

13. Technical difficulties of the lightwave undersea systems using EDFA repeater H Optical noise (ASE) accumulation H Chromatic dispersion of the transmission fiber H Nonlinearity of the transmission fiber H Polarization dependent factors – Polarization dependent loss (PDL) – Polarization hole burning (PHB) – Polarization mode dispersion (PMD)

14. Test bed of the lightwave undersea systems using EDFA repeater

15. Outline H History of lightwave undersea cable systems H Optical amplifier technologies H Examples of lightwave undersea cable networks – TPC-5CN – APCN – FLAG – JIH H Future technologies – WDM – Optical Soliton

16. TPC-5CN Cable Route (Trans-Pacific Cable 5 Network)

17. APCN Cable Route (Asia-Pacific Cable Network)

18. FLAG Cable Route (Fiberoptic Link Around the Globe)

19. Major system parameters of OS-A system

20. JIH Cable Route (Japan Information Highway)

21. Major system parameters of JIH cable (tentative) Key technology H Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) 100Gbit/s = N wavelength 10 or 5 or 2.5Gbit/s

22. Outline H History of lightwave undersea cable systems H Optical amplifier technologies H Examples of lightwave undersea cable networks – TPC-5CN – APCN – FLAG – JIH H Future technologies – WDM – Optical Soliton

23. Explanation of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology

24. Explanation of optical soliton technology

25. Principle of recirculating loop experiment

26. Experimental setup of 5Gbit/s, 22WDM, 9500km recirculating loop experiment

27. Snap shot of the WDM experiments

28. Transmission performance of 5Gbit/s, 22WDM, 9500km recirculating loop experiment

29. Experimental setup of 20Gbit/s, 8100km straight line optical soliton transmission

30. Transmission performance of 20Gbit/s, 8100km straight line optical soliton transmission

31. Conclusion H Technologies of the global lightwave undersea cable networks are reviewed. H WDM and soliton are two key technologies of future undersea cable networks. H 100Gbit/s class lightwave communication system is already available under the laboratory condition, and will be available for the commercial use in early 21st century.