1. Happy Friday!
We are taking notes today.
You will need lined paper and a pen or pencil.
Title the notes Intro to Evidence

2. Introduction to Evidence

3. Target 1-3
I can characterize evidence by classifying its type and analysis plan.

4. Types of Evidence Biological Evidence Chemical Evidence
Ballistic Evidence
Physical Evidence

5. Biological Evidence
Biological Evidence = any evidence that used to be part of a human body
Ex) Blood
Ex) Skin cells
Ex) A dead body

6. Biological Evidence Analyzing biological evidence: Test for DNA
Test for blood type
Test for drugs and poisons
Comparison analysis (match DNA or blood type to a suspect)

7. Chemical Evidence
Chemical Evidence = any evidence that is unknown and must be identified or measured
Ex) an unknown powder
Ex) food or drink
Ex) fire residue

8. Chemical Evidence Analyzing chemical evidence:
Qualitative analysis: identifying the substance
Quantitative analysis: measuring the amount of the substance
Comparison analysis: match the substance to another substance

9. Ballistic Evidence
Ballistic Evidence = any evidence that is related to firearms
Ex) a gun
Ex) bullets or shell casings
Ex) bulletholes or bullet wounds

10. Ballistic Evidence Analyzing ballistic evidence:
Striation analysis: use scratches to match a bullet to a gun
Trajectory analysis: use math to determine where a gun was fired
Test for gunshot residue to see who fired a gun

11. Physical Evidence
Physical Evidence = any evidence that was transferred from one person/place to another
Ex) fingerprints and shoe prints
Ex) hairs, fibers, and soil
Ex) paint, glass, or trace chemicals
Ex) weapons

12. Physical Evidence Analyzing physical evidence:
Microscopic analysis: use a microscope to identify or describe it
Comparison analysis: match evidence from two places/people
Test objects for fingerprints and DNA

13. Which is it? Fingerprint Bloodstain Some blades of grass
A blue smear on the floor
A gun
A dead body

14. Which is it?
7. A knife 8. Muddy footprints 9. A glass with some liquid in it 10. Some broken glass 11. A few hairs 12. A few red threads

15. Now that we have evidence…
Microscopic Analysis
Qualitative Analysis
Comparison Analysis
Striation Analysis
Quantitative Analysis
Trajectory Analysis
Toxicology (Drug) Test

16. In your groups…
Which of the four types of evidence do you think is MOST useful? Explain why.
Can you think of a single object that could be classified as ALL 4 types of evidence? Explain.