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Bacteria Chapter 19 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights.

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Presentation on theme: "Bacteria Chapter 19 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights."— Presentation transcript:

1 Bacteria Chapter 19 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

2 The Prevalence of Bacteria
Bacteria are the oldest, structurally simplest, and the most abundant forms of life on earth. Abundant for over 2 billion years before the appearance of eukaryotes. 5,000 different kinds currently recognized. Based primarily upon their metabolic and genetic characteristics. Can only be properly characterized on a defined medium. Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

3 The Prevalence of Bacteria
Bacterial Form Bacillus (Bacilli) straight and rod-shaped. Coccus (Cocci) spherical shaped. Spirillus (Spirilla) long and helical shaped. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

4 The Prevalence of Bacteria
Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes Multicellularity Cell Size Chromosomes Cell Division and Recombination Internal Compartmentalization Flagella Metabolic Diversity Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

5 Usually consist of peptidoglycan.
The Bacterial Surface Bacterial Surface Cell wall maintains shape and protects the cell from swelling and rupturing. Usually consist of peptidoglycan. Gram Positive - Thicker peptidoglycan Gram Negative - Thinner peptidoglycan Flagella - Slender protein - locomotion Pili - Hairlike structures - attachment Endospores - Resistant to environment. Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

6 Gram Stain Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

7 Invaginated plasma membrane. Nucleoid Region
The Cell Interior Internal Membranes Invaginated plasma membrane. Nucleoid Region Lack nucleus - Genes encoded with single double-stranded DNA. Ribosomes Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

8 Key Classification Characteristics Photosynthetic or Nonphotosynthetic
Bacterial Diversity Key Classification Characteristics Photosynthetic or Nonphotosynthetic Motile or Nonmotile Unicellular or Multicellular Spore Formation by Division or Transverse Binary Fission. Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

9 Comparing Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Cell Wall
Bacterial Diversity Comparing Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Cell Wall Archaebacteria lack peptidoglycan. Plasma Membranes Composed of different lipids. Gene Translation Machinery Archaebacteria similar to eukaryotes. Gene Architecture Eubacteria not interrupted by introns. Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

10 Two Process create bacterial variation: Mutation
Spontaneous errors in DNA replication. Genetic Recombination Occurs by gene transfer from one cell to another by viruses or conjugation. Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

11 Obtain carbon from inorganic CO2. Photoautotrophs - Sunlight
Bacterial Metabolism Autotrophs Obtain carbon from inorganic CO2. Photoautotrophs - Sunlight Chemoautotrophs - Inorganic Chemicals Heterotrophs Obtain carbon from organic molecules. Photoheterotrophs - Sunlight Chemoheterotrophs - Organic Molecules Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

12 How Heterotrophs Infect Host Organisms
Bacterial Metabolism How Heterotrophs Infect Host Organisms Proteins secreted by Type III System. May be used to transfer other virulence proteins into nearby eukaryotic cells. Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

13 Human Bacterial Diseases
Tuberculosis Afflicts respiratory system and easily transmitted from person to person through the air. Dental Caries (cavities) Tooth decay caused by bacteria present in plaque. High sugar diets increase tooth decay. Lactic acid bacteria ferment sugars and reduce pH, thus degenerating tooth enamel. Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

14 Human Bacterial Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

15 Importance of Bacteria
Largely responsible for creating atmospheric properties. Contribute to carbon balance. Nitrogen Fixation Industrial Processes Fermentation of lactose into lactic acid. Milk, Cheese, Yogurt Genetic Engineering Removal of environmental pollutants. Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

16 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display
Raven - Johnson - Biology: 6th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies

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