1. Communications Trends, Needs, Issues November 18, 2009 Grid-Interop 2009 Brian Gaucher RSM-Manager – Smarter Energy (Thanks to Mike Robinson – IBM E&U)

2. Example Technologies for the Grid End-User Private Utility Operated Public Wireless Public Wireline A Actuator M Meter C Concentrator S Substation D Data Center Application Layer Presence Wireless Network Provider BPL MPLS MW T1 PMP MW Metro- Ethernet DSL T1-FR MPLS T1-FR GSM-CDMA Public GSM-CDMA Private WiMAX VHF PLC 900 MHz Mesh 2.4 GHz Mesh Zigbee 6LoWPAN PLC AMCSD Wireline Network Provider

3. A View of Smart Grid Communications Needs A Actuator M Meter S Sensor C Concentrator R Router Legend: Intelligent Distribution GridIntelligent Transmission GridHomeOutside

4. Example set of network requirements ApplicationProtocolLatencyBandwidthReliabilityScopeSecurity Reclosers DNP3, IEC 60870-5 10s msec< 56 kbpsMediumP2P + HRMedium Capacitor Bank DNP3, IEC 60870-5 100s msec< 56 kbpsHighHRMedium Poletop RTU DNP3, IEC 60870-5 1000s msec56 kbpsHighHRMedium Motor Operated Disconnect DNP3, IEC 60870-5 1000s msec< 56 kbpsHighHRMedium Line Regulator DNP3, IEC 60870-5 100s msec< 56 kbpsHighHRMedium Advanced Metering (Residential) C12.22, IEC 62056 1000s msec56 kbpsLowHRHigh Commercial IDR C12.22, MV90100s msec< 56 kbpsLowHRHigh Demand Mgmt Tbd100s msec< 56 kbpsMediumHRHigh MWM Voice G.729 & VoIP100s msec< 56 kbpsHighHR + P2PNA MWM Data UDP/IP100s msec1000s kbpsMediumHR + P2PHigh AggregateSerial + IP10s msec1000s kbpsHighP2PHigh P2P = peer-to-peer HR = host-remote Note: Most of the power performance requirements were summarized from IEEE Std 1646-2004 Table-3. ITU-T specifies VoIP latency standards. Per discussion on 1/17/2008 with Dennis Holstein (considered US Expert to several international standards bodies), IEEE Std 1646-2004 is the latest published work on power communication performance. However, as the IUN matures, these requirements could change.

5. Network Issues – Home Example Order of magnitude – Tens of millions – Externally driven by customer choice Ownership – Private or utility – Design, maintenance, troubleshooting, records Types of devices – Thermostat, pool pump, water heater, lights… Network technologies – Wired – Category 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7… – Wireless - paging, cellular, WiMAX, RF-mesh, WiFi, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN… – Electrical – X.10, PLC, HomePlug 1.0, HomePlug AV… Addressing responsibilities – Link, network, public or private Protocol support – IPvX?... Security – Joining the network, profiles, protecting the home, protecting the utility, encryption Gateway – Meter, DSL, cablemodem, WiMAX Control – Data standard, local control, utility control, state, upgrades Public Private PSTN Internet Vendor Mobile Emergency Ext Grid Op R R R S S S S C A M A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A M M M M M R R HomeNeighborhood Access Backhaul Core ExtraNet R R SC C M S S S Neighborhood Area Network Access Network Backhaul Network Core Network Similarly for these networks