1. Traditional SCADA systems
Only supervision and control
No data acquisition
On-line, high comm costs for rural areas
Centrally controlled
Manual supervision
High initial and total investment
Low automation - “dumb” RTU’s

2. Fjargat II – main characteristics
Intelligent Remote Terminals
Emphasis on data storage
Object oriented modelling
Automatic supervision
Minimize manpower and facilities
Decentralized
Uses easily accessible hardware
Openness

3. Central Client / server structure Remote status and control
Graphical interface
RTU event reports sent to operators on shift
SMS and
Data acquisition
Automation

4. Software interconnection
User interface
Setup interface
Data view
Configuration database
SCADA machine
Data view
Collection databas
Communication ports

5. The SCADA machine interface
Status window
System log
Printer log

6. The system setup interface
All definitions in database
No text files
No post change processing
Constraint selective setup
Setup verification

7. User interface
The SCADA control board

8. Data vs. information
Data is the localised and time dependent pile of facts in the databases
Information are categorised facts, processed according to certain criteria
Data is the raw material for information

9. Users of information
FINANCE
DETAILS

10. Data storage
All data stored using hierarchical data codes
All measurements in absolute values
Data codes are absolute prerequisite for efficient processing of information

11. Location and role codes
903K02 LMPMI
Role code
system
subsystem
component
port
unit
Location code
RTU number
voltage
field number
KKS, NETBAS

12. Hierachical data codes
System
LINE
Subsystems
MEASUREMENTS
Components
REAL POWER
Ports
AVERAGE
Units
IMPORT
903K02 LMPAE
LINE
Measurements
Breakers
Protection
Real power
Voltage
THE POWER SYSTEM BLACK BOX
Aver age
I E

13. Systems - Virtual devices
Code
System
Description S
Transformer
Power transformers and related equipment T
Bus bar
Bus-bar and related equipment L
Line
Line feeder unit and related equipment V
Machine
Power source, either hydro or diesel R
Generator
Generator and related equipment W
Water works
Water dam, intake valves etc. F
RTU
RTU operation information A
General
Information that does not belong in any ONE system. This is mainly equipment that is used by other systems such as power supplies, air-conditioning units etc.

14. A count of data codes Systems 11 Subsystems 48 Components 182
Ports 389
Total including units 598

15. Characteristics of the role code
The code is 5 letters
First four letters are alphabetical, the last one either alphabetical or numerical
All letters allowed
Letters are, in general, the first letter of the objects name (in Icelandic)
The code is case sensitive
Use of small letters is avioded as much as possible and only used in rare exceptions