1. CS 286 Computer Organization and Architecture
Source codes in
a high-level
programming
language
A program source
codes that make
sense to human
programmers
(C++ source codes)
“statement”
Week_01/001

2. CS 286 Computer Organization and Architecture
Assembly Instructions
(Intel X86 assembly
instructions)
For human
assembly
programmers
Memory address
of each instruction
Assembly
instructions
Week_01/002

3. CS 286 Computer Organization and Architecture
Machine Codes
Machine codes
(in Hex-Decimal)
(Machine codes for “WinVNC.exe”)
Each Hex-Decimal #
consists of 8 bits
“4C” = “ ”
(= “76”)
We can no longer understand what a processor will do
Week_01/003

4. CS 286 Computer Organization and Architecture
Machine codes (in binary expression) in memory
Machine Codes
(in binary format)
Execute
Processor
Week_01/004

5. CS 286 Computer Organization and Architecture
Example: Hexadecimal Number
File System
Analyzer
Week_01/009

6. CS 286 Computer Organization and Architecture
Memory Chip
Memory Cell
(= Capacitor)
Memory Chip
Memory Module
Week_01/005

7. CS 286 Computer Organization and Architecture
Row Wire (Control Wire)
Column Wire (Data)
On/OFF Switch
Memory Cell (= Capacitor)
Capacitor = Water Tank
Capacitor
Capacitor
On/OFF Switch
Capacitor holds electricity
Week_01/006

8. CS 286 Computer Organization and Architecture
Water Tank = Empty
Bit = “0”
There are only
2 different cases
Water Tank = Full
Bit = “1”
Week_01/007

9. CS 286 Computer Organization and Architecture
How does a memory module work?
Week_01/008

10. CS 286 Computer Organization and Architecture
Example: Binary Number
Network administrators
should be able to perform this
Week_01/008

11. CS 286 Computer Organization and Architecture
Week_01/008