1. STUDENT NUMBER: 3263593 BDC332 PRACTICAL FACULTY NOVEMBER 2018
Title
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STUDENT NUMBER:
BDC332 PRACTICAL
FACULTY
NOVEMBER 2018
Please use this template to answer your Practical Exam Question. Ensure you have YOUR STUDENT NUMBER on the Title Page and this PowerPoint file is renamed to reflect your student number and the country you analysed. The completed PowerPoint needs to be put onto a computer and you attach your name to the computer. The data includes that downloaded from IUCN Red Data List, DIVA GIS, WWF Ecoregions, Protected Planet, and ESRI. You may add images but please credit/attribute them using an in-text numbering system and a reference list on the final page.
BCB/ESS
Kingdom of Cambodia

2. Introduction location
Prepare a location map using your GIS with a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a figure caption. Your map should include neighbouring countries and their Capital cities. please include an overview map.

3. Biodiversity description andthreats
Biodiversity is basic to anybody, regardless of not continually being obvious in urban communities, since it specifically adds to human wellbeing. The result of biodiversity loss is startling, and are being contrasted with those connected to environmental change.
Cambodia has the absolute most important biodiversity in South East Asia. Its forest still hold threatened species, for example, the Siamese crocodile and Asian elephant that are never again found in the wild in neighbouring countries.
Much of Cambodia's biodiversity is as yet being discovered at a phenomenal rate. Between 1998 and 2011, the quantity of recognized well evolved animal species developed from 100 to 162, birds from 410 to 577, reptiles from 82 to 176, amphibians from 28 to 66, and angle from around 215 to 571 species. Seven new species were discovered in 2016 alone – a freshwater fish and six types of plants.
It is almost certain that a large number of species still stay to be found. For instance, 620 plants have been distinguished in Thailand and 714 in Vietnam, yet just 217 in Cambodia up until this point. Cambodia likewise has numerous biodiversity hotspots regions where there is not just wide biodiversity yet in addition a significant number of animal varieties under threatened . Information are not constantly reliable. IUCN set up a list of known animal categories in Cambodia in 2010.
The major threats for biodiversity in Cambodia includes ,deforestation dams, roads and infrastructure, sand dredging in waterways, overfishing and illegal fishing techniques ,Illegal harvest of forest products and Illegal wildlife trade.
Even though threatened biodiversity protection is tended to by the Royal Government of Cambodia, various NGOs and neighborhood networks. Some portion of their work will be focused around the biodiversity components in two of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Goal 14 Life below water and Goal 15 Life on.
Introduction
Biodiversity Description: In summarized point form describe the country's biodiversity capital (assets) and threats to its biodiversity conservation. YOU MAY USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO EXPLAIN THIS SECTION.

4. CURRENT PROTECTED AREAS
Methods
Prepare a map of the current Protected Areas Network. The prepared map should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

5. CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors
It is endemic to Cambodia where it is only known from Phnom Aural, the highest mountain of Cambodia.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests, moist montane forests, and rivers.
Methods
Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data ( ).
The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

6. CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

7. CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors
It is endemic to Cambodia, only known from the vicinity of the type locality in the Phnom Sankos Wildlife Sanctuary in the Cardamom Mountains.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests

8. CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors
Chiromantis is threathened in Cambodia.
Conservation Actions Its predicted range also includes parts of Aural Wildlife Sanctuary and Botum Sakor National Park, so it may also be occur there.

9. CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors
O. synoria, Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and heavily degraded former forest.It is threatened by habitat loss

10. CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors
This animal species was scored as showing the third strongest decline, despite the fact that this species is one of smallest, with a small size at maturity.
However, it has a relatively low fecundity and perhaps more importantly shows the greatest overlap of exploitation with its breeding season.

11. CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors
His species has an inexplicably small range in Cardamom mountains, south-west Cambodia.
It is often considered scarce to uncommon, but in parts of its range

12. CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors
Very little is currently known about this species' distribution and ecology.
Addressing the lack of data is the first step towards ensuring its survival; further surveys should be carried out to determine whether it is truly restricted to Virachey National Park.

13. CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors

14. CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors
This species is known so far from a small area within which its habitat is declining in area and quality.
However, although birds are found in a number of small habitat fragments most individuals probably occupy one large contiguous area of habitat in the Tonle Sap floodplain.

15. CONSERVATION planning units (ecological)
Methods
Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS

16. CONSERVATION planning units (Systematic)
Methods
Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

17. CONSERVATION planning tenure Evaluating Protected areas
Methods
Prepare a Conservation Planning Tenures Map to ASSESS the efficiency of the EXISTING Protected Area Network: This needs to be prepared as a SINGLE ANNOTATED map which should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

18. CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan
Reclass transformed artificial areas to get one colour
0 0 1
1 1 highest value +1
North arrow, scale bar, title, legend, categories
Admin 0 outline
Reclass land cover to isolate artificial areas as one colour reclass artificial areas
0 0 16
Methods
Prepare a Conservation Planning Tenures Map to ASSESS the complement (what needs to be added) to the EXISTING Protected Area Network: This needs to be prepared as a SINGLE ANNOTATED map which should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

19. CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan
Overlay roads and rails onto one map (first plus second)
Reclass roads and rails
0 0 1
highest value +1 from roads and rails overlay
Overlay artificial RECLASS + roads and rails reclass (first covers second) OUTPUT IS TRANSFORM AREA
Then overlay with the protected areas with transform area (first + second)
North arrow, scale bar, title, legend, categories, pallet
Admin 0 outline

20. Systematic CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan
Methods
Use this slide and simple drawings or flow diagrams to explain the core concepts of MARXAN. You should not use the IDRISI dialogue boxes. Ensure you use proper annotation and include a descriptive caption.

21. Expected Results Systematic CONSERVATION planning
Marxan, was going to give me parameters of how species can be conserved by using a certain estimated percentage. From that, I would get the species that cannot be conserved and the ones that can be conserved. Methods that can used on conserving includes, Maintenance of rare species in protected areas such as national parks, sanctuaries etc., Educating the public about the need to protect and preserve the environ¬ment as a long range goal for the welfare of future generations and Imposing specific restrictions on export of endangered plants and animals or their products.
Expected Results
Explain using Diagrams the results you would expect to obtain from MARXAN. They do not need to be the actual results rather the form of the MARXAN outputs you would expect. You may use more than one slide to prepare this section.

22. Sources of data, attribution and acknowledgements
Aknowledgement
I would like to express my appreciation to Dr. R. knight for his contribution on understanding the classification of biomes, the political effects on land development or degradation in other words as well as environmental effects on land development/degradation.
References
Ensure you provide full credit to source of information, Programs used, and referencing/attribution of referenced material. You may use more than one slide to prepared this section.

23. Reference Programme used : ArcViwe GIS 3.3, DIVA GIS , IDRIS 32bit
References
 Fauna & Flora International (FFI). Accessed 5 July 2015. 
Harold Levrel. (2007). « Quels indicateurs pour la gestion de la biodiversite” Institut Français de la Biodiversite. Accessed 5 May 2016. 
Michel Loreau. Unspecified date. “The ecological consequences of biodiversity loss”. Department of Biology, McGill University. Accessed 24 August 2016. 
Greenfacts. (2005). “Biodiversity & Human Well-being”. Accessed 24 August  
J. Daltry. (2011). “Finders, keepers”. Cambodian Journal of Natural History.
Alessandro Marazzi Sassoon “Seven new species discovered in Cambodia last year”, The Phnom Penh Post, 19 December 2017.  29 December 2017.
Reference