1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

2. Rock Cycle Song

3. The Life of a Rock Layers of sediment join together.
Changes are made from pressure and heat.
Melted rock cools and hardens

4. Rocks become smaller, and smaller, and smaller, and smaller. . .
By erosion
By wind
By earthquake
By floods
By rain
By slides
By man

5. Terms to Know Weathering: the breaking up of rocks and soil
Erosion: the moving of weathered rock and soil. Weathering allows erosion to take place.

6. Products of Weathering
Clay
Sand
Rock Fragments (pebbles and stones)

7. Rocks change…………..
By earthquakes
By volcanoes
By heat and pressure

8. How does rock change?
Rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids
marble

9. Three Types of Rocks Rocks are classified by how they form Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Rocks can change from one type to another over time
Schist

10. Rock Classification Rocks are classified by: How they form Texture
Grain size
Mineral composition
Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock

11. Sedimentary Rock is . . .
Rock formed when layers of small particles of shell, rock, and sand join together.

12. Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary rock: forms from the compaction and/or cementation of sediments
This process is called lithification
Sediments are:
Rock pieces
Mineral grains
Shell fragments
Limestone

13. How do sediments form?
weathering
Sediments form through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth’s surface
erosion

14. Sedimentary Rock con’t….
Sedimentary rock can also form from the chemical depositing of materials that were once dissolved in water
When water evaporates, minerals are left behind and form rock
gypsum

15. Sedimentary Rocks How They are Made
Wind and water break down the earth
Bits of earth settle in lakes and rivers
Layers are formed and build up
Pressure and time turn the layers to rock

16. Sedimentary Rocks
Limestone
Shale
Sandstone
Granite

17. Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Sandstone
Limestone
Gypsum
Conglomerate
Shale

18. Fossils
Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rock and are the remains or imprints of plants and animals that died long ago.

19. Fossils-Life From the Past
Fossils provide information about life and conditions of the past.
Scientific evidence shows that the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old

20. Metamorphic Rock is . . .
Rock that is formed when pressure and heat create changes to sedimentary or igneous rock.

21. Metamorphic Rock
Metamorphic rock: forms when any rock type is changed into a different kind of rock
Changes due to great heat and/or pressure
Gneiss

22. How does rock change?
Rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids
marble

23. Metamorphic Rocks What are They?
Rocks that have changed
They were once igneous or sedimentary
Pressure and heat changed the rocks

24. Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Schist
Gneiss

25. Igneous Rock is . . .
Rock that is formed when melted rock cools and hardens.

26. Igneous Rocks What are They?
Fire Rocks
Formed underground by trapped, cooled magma
Formed above ground when volcanoes erupt and magma cools

27. Igneous Rocks
Igneous rock: forms when molten rock (magma) cools and hardens
Classified by:
Where they form
Crystal (grain) size
Basalt

28. Intrusive Igneous Rock
Intrusive igneous: cooling takes place slowly beneath Earth’s surface
granite

29. Extrusive Igneous Rock
Extrusive igneous: cooling takes place rapidly on Earth’s surface
Pumice

30. Igneous rock

31. Types of Igneous Rocks
Scoria
Granite
Pumice
Obsidian

32. The Rock Cycle

33. The Earth Recycles Rock
The rock cycle is an ongoing series of processes inside Earth and on the surface
Slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
Any type of rock can change into another type

34. How does this relate to plate tectonics?
Plate movement drives the rock cycle
Subduction (1 plate pushed under another plate)
Re-melts rock into magma
Mountain building
Folding, faulting, uplift
Exposes rock at the surface to be weathered and eroded

38. Cementation and compaction (lithification)
Heat and pressure
Weathering, transportation(erosion), and deposition
Cooling and solidification
Melting

39. Rocks/Rock Cycle Foldable
Your foldable should include the following:
Name of each rock type
How each rock type formed
A brief description of rock type
At least 2 examples of each rock type
Illustrate 1 example for each rock type

40. Copy Me

41. Review of the Rock Cycle
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
What is a fossil?
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
How are igneous rocks formed?
Give an example of each type of rock.
What is weathering?
Explain what erosion is.