AP Psychology March 14th Objective Opener

AP Psychology March 14th Objective Opener Diagnose disorders by recognizing symptoms in case studies. Quiz

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Anxiety Disorders Phobia or Phobic Disorder Disorder involving a pathological fear of a specific object or situation Cause: Preparedness Hypothesis The notion that we have an innate tendency to respond quickly and automatically to stimuli that posed a survival threat to our ancestors Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Anxiety Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patterns of persistent, unwanted thoughts and behaviors obsession: thoughts, images, impulses that reoccur compulsions: repetitive, purposeful acts Genetic link: tendency to run in families Learning component Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

PTSD A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling and/or insomnia that linger for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience Symptoms have been reported by survivors of accidents, disasters, violent sexual assault, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, war and the like

Somatic Symptom Disorders
Psychological problems appearing in the form of bodily symptoms or physical complaints Conversion Disorder Paralysis, weakness, or loss of sensation, but with no discernible physical cause Illness Anxiety Disorder Excessive concern about health and disease; formerly called hypochondriasis Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Dissociative Disorders
Group of pathologies involving “fragmentation” of the personality Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Fugue Depersonalization Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Dissociative Amnesia Psychologically induced loss of memory for personal information Dissociative Fugue Depersonalization Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Fugue Dissociative amnesia with the addition of “flight” from one’s home, family, and job Depersonalization Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Fugue Depersonalization Disorder Abnormality involving the sensation that mind and body have separated Dissociative Identity Disorder Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Fugue Depersonalization Disorder Condition in which the individual displays multiple identities Dissociative Identity Disorder Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Severe psychopathology Personality disintegrates Emotional life is disrupted Cognitive processes distorted More common in men than women First appearance: typically before age twenty-five for men; between twenty-five and forty-five for women Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Criteria for a Diagnosis of Schizophrenia
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Possible Causes of Schizophrenia
Fundamentally a brain disorder Biological Factors Genetic factors place the individual at risk, but environmental stress factors transform this potential into an actual schizophrenic disorder Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Figure Genetic Risk of Developing Schizophrenia The graph shows average risks for developing schizophrenia in persons with a relative that has schizophrenia. Data were compiled from family and twin studies conducted in European populations between 1920 and 1987; the degree of risk correlates highly with the degree of genetic relatedness. Source: Figure 10 from p. 96 of Gottesman, I. (1991). Schizophrenia Genesis: The Origins of Madness. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman/Times Books/Henry Holt & Co. Copyright © Reprinted by permission of W. H. Freeman and Company/Worth Publishers. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Can appear at any age, but often first seen in childhood Autism spectrum disorder Marked by impoverished ability to “read” other people, use language, or interact socially Dyslexia A reading disability, thought by some experts to involve a brain disorder Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Disability involving short attention span, distractibility, and extreme difficulty in maintaining inactive for any period Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Personality Disorders
Chronic patterns of poor judgment, disordered thinking, emotional disturbances, disrupted social relationships, or lack of impulse control Narcissistic exaggerated sense of self-importance, need for constant attention or admiration, or preoccupation with fantasies of success or power Antisocial lack of conscience or a sense of responsibility to others Borderline instability and impulsivity; unpredictable moods and stormy personal relationships, little tolerance for frustration Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Parent-Child Problems
Adjustment Disorders and Other Conditions that May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention Mild Depression Marital Problems Physical Complaints Academic Problems Parent-Child Problems Job Problems Bereavement Malingering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

AP Psychology March 14th Objective Opener

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