1. First Semester Review
FND Biology

2. Levels of Organizations

3. Molecule – Example
A combination of
2 hydrogen and
1 oxygen atoms
to create 1 water molecule.

4. CELL

5. TISSUE

6. ORGAN

7. ORGAN SYSTEM

8. ORGANISM

9. Levels of Organization
Organ System
Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organism

10. Human Body Systems
Why do we eat?
How do we digest our food?
Where does it go?
How does it get there?
How do we make our body move?
How do we talk?

11. Body Systems
Endocrine - produces hormones, which are needed for proper body function and growth
Muscular – works with the skeletal system to produce voluntary movements, helps circulate blood and move food through the digestive system

12. Body Systems
Circulatory – transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells; fights infection; removes cell wastes; helps to regulate body temperature Digestive- Breaks down food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates wastes

13. Body Systems
Nervous – recognizes and coordinates the bodies response to changes in its internal and external environments

14. Homeostasis
Process by which organisms keep their internal conditions fairly constant.

15. Response and Stimulus
Signal to which an organism responds.
A specific reaction to a stimulus.

16. Movement of Molecules over time

17. A student put together the experimental setup shown above
A student put together the experimental setup shown above. The membrane between side A and side B allows movement of both types of solute molecules shown.
Describe what will happen to the C molecules over time:

18. Movement of Molecules over time
Show C molecules movement.

19. Describe what will happen to the D molecules over time
A student put together the experimental setup shown above. The membrane between side A and side B allows movement of both types of solute molecules shown.
Describe what will happen to the D molecules over time

20. Movement of Molecules over time
Show D molecules movement.

21. Macromolecules
Carbohydrates

22. Macromolecules
Lipids

23. Macromolecules
Proteins

24. Macromolecules
Nucleic Acids
DNA
RNA

25. Macromolecules- contain the following elements
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Elements:
CHO
CHON
CHONP

26. Macromolecules - Organic
ALL things containing carbon are considered organic.

27. Macromolecule - Functions
Carbohydrates - Main source of energy for living things Proteins - Main component of tissues such as bone and muscle

28. Macromolecule - Functions
Lipids -Stores and releases energy, long term energy storage Nucleic Acids -Stores and transmits hereditary information

29. Which indicator would be used to test for a complex carbohydrate?

30. If a banana tests positive for complex carbohydrates, what color would the solution be?

31. Sudan IV will turn reddish orange if which macromolecule is present?

32. Photosynthesis - list the reactants and products

33. Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplast in plant cells.
What is the function of chlorophyll?

35. brown), are in stacks called granum (grana, plural).
Chloroplasts are double membrane organelles with a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into disc-shaped sacs called thylakoids. Thylakoids, containing chlorophyll and other accessory pigments (red, orange, yellow,
brown), are in stacks called
granum (grana, plural).
FIGURE 1-CHLOROPLAST

36. Color and label the outer membrane light green
Color and label the outer membrane light green. Color and label the grana (STACK) dark green.
FIGURE 1-CHLOROPLAST

37. Chloroplast
If Carbon Dioxide is removed from the plant’s environment, what would happen to the production of high energy sugars?

38. Photosynthesis
What would the air bubbles being produced be made of? Which gas? (think about what is released during photosynthesis)

39. Photosynthesis
At which distance from the light source were 55 bubbles produced per minute?

40. of cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes of each other, therefore the products of photosynthesis are the:
REACTANTS / PRODUCTS
(Circle one)
of cellular respiration.

41. List the 3 steps in cellular respiration in order:
____________________

42. Cellular Respiration
When oxygen is present, what happens after Glycolysis?

43. Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis begins with which molecule?

44. Respiration / Fermentation
Alcoholic
Fermentation c
How many molecules of ATP are formed in cellular respiration?

45. Respiration / Fermentation
Alcoholic
Fermentation c
Which two pathways are showing the process of fermentation? _____ and _____

46. Respiration / Fermentation
Alcoholic
Fermentation c
Which pathway requires oxygen?

47. Ecology
Organisms that make their own food, like plants, are called___

48. Ecology
List two examples of an autotroph:

49. Ecology
The grasses at the beginning of the food chain are considered (circle one):
Producers
Consumers
Heterotrophs

50. Ecology
Describe how energy and nutrients flow through living systems.

51. Ecology
Based on the amount of CO2 that is released into the atmosphere according to the diagram on the right, which of the following would you expect to occur:
Decrease CO2 in the atmosphere
Increase CO2 in the atmosphere

52. Ecology
Choose the correct description of the relationship between animal respiration and photosynthesis:
Respiration and photosynthesis serve the same function in the carbon cycle
Animal respiration adds CO2 to the atmosphere and photosynthesis removes CO2 from the atmosphere
There is no relationship between respiration and photosynthesis

53. Ecology
Exponential growth occurs in what type of populations?

54. Ecology
Define carrying capacity:

55. Ecology
According to this Graph, during which year did the population first reach its carrying capacity?

56. Ecology
According to Graph A, was the growth experienced during years 1-3 logistic or exponential?

57. Ecology Define density dependent factor
Define density independent factor

58. 5.2- Limits to Growth
limiting factor- factor that controls the growth of a population
Density-dependent limiting factors -operate strongly when population density is large.
D-D L F: competition, predation, herbivory, parasitism, disease, stress from overcrowding
Competition:
populations become crowded, individuals compete- food, water, space, sunlight, etc.
lower birthrates, increased death rates

59. 5.2- Limits to Growth
2- Density-Independent limiting factors- affect all populations regardless of size & density
D-I L F include: Unusual weather- hurricanes, droughts, floods, & natural disasters- wildfires

60. Ecology List 3 Examples List 3 Examples
Define density dependent factor
Define density independent factor
List 3 Examples
List 3 Examples

61. Population a. b. List Ways a Population will Increase
List Ways a Population will Decrease a. b.

62. Population
Salvinia molesta, a floating aquatic plant, first entered Lake Naivasha in Kenya when a person’s fish ponds flooded. The plant quickly grew, changing the habitat of parts of the lake. This is an example of a problem due to what type of species?

63. Global Warming
Global warming refers to the increase of the earth's average temperature due to increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Scientists agree that the burning of fossil fuels like oil and coal causes greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide to escape into the air and act like a warm blanket over the earth.
One way to reduce greenhouse gases is to reduce deforestation, the cutting down of trees. Trees soak up carbon dioxide from the air, so having lots of trees around is good for the atmosphere.

64. Global Warming
List two factors that contribute to global warming.

65. Population