1. The Shadow of Western Colonialism

2. Warm-Up Questions CPS Questions (1 - 2)
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

3. Overview The precolonial period of African history
The colonial period of African history
The history and impacts of African independence
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

4. Quick Write Imagine that you are a member of the British
Parliament reading about Henry Morton
Stanley’s explorations of Africa.
Should your country do anything in response to
his discoveries? Why or why not?
(Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student “ button in CPS)
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

5. The Precolonial Period of African History
The early expansion of Islam in Africa:
On 12 December 639, a Muslim
named Amr ibn al As crossed from
the Sinai Peninsula into Egypt
Once established in Egypt, the
Arabs spread out across the rest of North Africa
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Mathew Clark / © 2007 The Christian Science Monitor

6. The Precolonial Period of African History, cont.
The Bantu peoples started out in what is today Nigeria and Cameroon
They first began to expand significantly about 1500 BC
Two separate population streams:
One went down the west side of the continent
The other moved down the east coast
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

7. The Precolonial Period of African History, cont.
The Bantu peoples had two advantages: their agricultural skills, and their metalworking skills
Laid the groundwork for trading networks between Africa and Eurasia
Another aspect of trade and exchange in Africa at this point was its connection to the spread of Islam
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Andy Nelson / © 2002 The Christian Science Monitor

8. The Colonial Period of African History
The transatlantic slave trade began with the Portuguese in the late fifteenth century
Rising naval power of the Dutch challenged the Portuguese monopoly on West African trade
But Britain was the dominant slaving power in the eighteenth century
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

9. The Colonial Period of African History, cont.
French Colonies:
French West Africa
French Equatorial Africa
Colonies in the Arab north
The Belgian Congo: Henry Morton Stanley got local chieftains to sign treaties surrendering sovereignty of the Congo to King Leopold II
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Robert Harbison / © 1990 The Christian Science Monitor

10. The Colonial Period of African History, cont.
The British Colonies: The British were the leading colonizers of Africa
German Colonies: The German explorer Karl Peters persuaded a group of tribal chiefs to accept German “protection”
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

11. The History and Impacts of African Independence
Nationalists criticized Europeans for failing to appreciate the richness of indigenous cultures
After World War II, the British saw the need to give up their empire
The transitions were generally relatively peaceful
The exceptions were in places with many European settlers
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

12. The History and Impacts of African Independence, cont.
South Africa is a special case
Its Afrikaner white-minority government and elaborate system of apartheid made the country an outcast
In 1994 Nelson Mandela became South Africa’s first president elected by universal franchise
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Robert Harbison / © 1992 The Christian Science Monitor

13. The History and Impacts of African Independence, cont.
Many countries, such as Nigeria, were artificial entities created by the European rulers
They didn’t follow the natural borders or respect the traditional homelands of different ethnic groups
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Melanie Stetson Freeman / © 2002 The Christian Science Monitor

14. Learning Check
CPS Questions (3 - 4)
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

15. Activity 1: The Shadow of Western Colonialism Review
Complete the crossword puzzle using vocabulary terms and information from this lesson.
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

16. Activity 2: Comparing and Contrasting the Precolonial and Colonial Periods of African History
Create a Venn diagram comparing and contrasting the precolonial period of African history with the colonial period.
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

17. Activity 3: The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
As a group, represent the diplomatic delegation of your assigned country (France, Belgium, Britain, or Germany) at the Conference of Berlin, from 1884 to 1885.
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

18. Technology Enrichment: South African Leaders
Evaluate the role Nelson Mandela played in achieving freedom and justice for blacks in South Africa.
Research information and select a South African leader who came to power after Mandela to compare to.
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

19. Review
As the Arab peoples spread across northern Africa, the Bantu peoples were expanding in regions farther south
The transatlantic slave trade began with the Portuguese in the late fifteenth century
The British were the leading colonizers of Africa
After World War II, the British saw the need to give up their empire
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

20. Review, cont.
Many countries, such as Nigeria, were artificial entities created by the European rulers
They didn’t follow the natural borders or respect the traditional homelands of different ethnic groups
When Africans moved toward independence, though, these artificial countries were what they had to work with
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

21. Review Questions
CPS Questions (5 - 6)
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

22. Summary The precolonial period of African history
The colonial period of African history
The history and impacts of African independence
Chapter 3, Lesson 2

23. Next…. Done—the shadow of western colonialism
Next—dictators, leadership challenges, and ethnic clashes
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Danna Harman / © 2004 The Christian Science Monitor