1. Brain Development
Child Development

2. Essential Question What are the major parts of the brain?
What are the main functions of each part of the brain?

3. The Brain The brain is the control center of the body.
The brain contains numerous sections – each of which carry out specific tasks that function in maintaining homeostasis (balance)

4. Solve the case
Examine the diagrams below. Do you think this is a survivable injury? Why or why not? Discuss amongst your group.

5. External features of the brain
Structure
Function
Cerebral Hemispheres
Largest part of the brain
Large paired structures divided into left and right hemispheres
Carries out higher thought processes involved with;
Language, learning, memory, and voluntary body movements
Cerebellum
“little brain”
Smaller structure under the base of the brain at the back of the head
Responsible for balance and coordination
Brainstem
Extends from the base of the brain into the spinal cord
Made up of the medulla oblongata, pons, and parietal lobe
Relays signals between the brain and the spinal cord

6. External features of the brain

7. The brain stem Structure Function Pituitary gland
Referred to as the “master gland”
Produces many hormones that travel throughout the body – stimulates other glands to produce hormones
Pons
Top region of the brain stem
Relays signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum
Helps control breathing rate
Medulla oblongata
Beneath the pons
Lower portion of the brainstem
Connects to the spinal cord
Relays signals between the brain and the spinal cord
Helps control blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate
Spinal cord
Connected to the brain stem
Runs down length of back
Connects the peripheral nervous system to the brain
Sends nerve impulses to the brain

8. The brain stem Cerebrum Medulla oblongata Pons Spinal cord Cerebellum
Pituitary gland

9. The brain stem Cerebrum Medulla oblongata Pons Spinal cord Cerebellum
Pituitary gland

10. The brain stem Cerebrum Medulla oblongata Pons Spinal cord Cerebellum
Pituitary gland

11. Lobes of the brain Structure Function and other notes Frontal lobe
Conscious thought, behavior, emotion, planning, personality, organizing, problem solving. Most uniquely human part of all brain structures. Located at the front of the brain.
Parietal lobe
Integration of sensory information – perception, arithmetic, spelling, manipulation of objects. Middle top of the brain.
Temporal lobe
Senses smell and sound, as well as processing of complex stimuli like faces and scenes, memory, and understanding language. Located in the temple region.
Occipital lobe
Sense of sight. Back of brain, above the cerebellum.
Four lobes
- Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe
- Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
- Brain stem
- Cerebellum

12. Lobes of the brain
Looking at the diagram to the right, damage to which region would cause hallucinations?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

13. Lobes of the brain
Looking at the diagram to the right, damage to which region would result in mood changes and/or social differences?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

14. So did this man survive?

15. Yes!
Phineas Gage – and here’s the explanation for how!

16. Thinking Cap Activity: Step 1
Mark the LOBES we discussed on your cap with a permanent marker. Be sure to include the cerebellum.

17. Thinking cap activity: Step 2
Map the functional areas as seen in the diagram below with different colored permanent markers. The brain is both anatomically and functionally segregated. Different functions are located in particular regions of each lobe.

18. Brain activity
Once you have completed your thinking cap – grab a sheet and answer the questions.
Turn into the tray when finished 