1. BRAIN DEVELOPMENT IN THE EARLY YEARS

2. The Human Brain

3. What is the Brain?
The brain is the part of the central nervous system located in the skull.
It is continuous with the spinal cord
It controls the mental processes and physical actions of a human being.

4. Interesting Brain Facts
The adult brain weighs approximately 3 pounds
(Einstein’s weighed less than the human avg.)
It can fit in the palm of one’s hand
Your brain uses 20% of your body’s energy (daily chaloric intake)
There are about 100 billion neurons in the human brain
The left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body and the right side of the body controls the left side of the body

5. Lobes of the Brain

6. Medial View of Brain

8. What Is Each Part of the Brain Responsible for?

9. BRAIN STEM (LOWER BRAIN)

10. PONS MEDULLA OBLONGATA CEREBELLUM
Critical relay station of our sensory information. Crossroad area consisting mainly of nerve fibers.
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
Controls the unconscious functions of respiration, circulation, wakefulness, breathing and heart rate.
CEREBELLUM
Controls your body movement, balance and posture

11. THE LIMBIC SYSTEM (THE MID BRAIN)

12. Thalamus Hypothalamus Hippocampus Amygdala
Distribution centre for incoming information for nerve signals coming from all the senses except smell.
Hypothalamus
Vital roles in conscious behaviour, emotions and instincts, and automatic control of body systems and processes.
Hippocampus
Involved in memory function
Amygdala
Almond shaped structure. Signals other areas to produce appropriate emotional reactions.

13. (UPPER BRAIN aka CORTEX)
THE CEREBRUM
(UPPER BRAIN aka CORTEX)
It’s the outer layer – the bulging wrinkled surface.
Divided into 4 lobes:
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe

14. FRONTAL LOBE
The frontal lobes are considered our emotional control centre and home to our personality.
The left frontal lobe is involved in controlling language related movement.
The right frontal lobe plays a role in non-verbal abilities.

15. PARIETAL LOBE 2 functional regions:
One involves sensation and perception and
The other is concerned with integrating sensory input, primarily with the visual system.

16. OCCIPTAL LOBE
The occipital lobes are the centre of our visual perception system
It processes vision and how you interpret what you see.

17. TEMPORAL LOBE
The temporal lobes are involved in the primary organization of sensory input and highly associated with memory skills
Processes auditory-stimuli, which affects speech, hearing, and the development of language

18. BRAIN CELLS & NEURONS

19. THE NEURON

20. The Neuron
Your brain is made up of approximately 100 billion nerve cells called neurons.
Neurons gather and transmit electrochemical signals over long distances within the body

21. Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons
Carries signals from the outer parts of the your body into the central nervous system (chemicals, light, sound, touch)
Motor Neurons
Carries signals from the central nervous system to the outer parts (muscles, skin, glands) of your body
( Play Human Brain CD)

22. THE DEVELOPING BRAIN
The Human Brain CD

24. Text: Read pages 216-224 and take notes Answer #3 & 4 on page 221
Complete “Factors that Can Influence Brain Development” sheet