1. Old Telephone cabling 4 wire Used in commercial and residence NEW
RJ 11
Color code
Used in commercial and residence NEW

2. Prior to Divestiture
In years gone past, it was the responsibility of the phone company not only to bring phone service to your house but to do the phone wiring within your house as well.
This is no longer the case. When you order phone service to your house, the local phone company installs a network interface device, a sturdy grey plastic box usually mounted either in your basement or on an outside wall.

3. Residential Before Divestiture After Phone company maintained Demarc
You pay if the problem is on your premise
Statement by operator when calling in a trouble report “if the problem is internal you will need to cover the cost of the service call”
Note: Star and Branching

4. Typical Residential Layout

5. Wiring the NID

6. Commercial Before divestiture After Demarc established
Teleco maintained all wiring
Teleco repaired the phones
After
internal wiring turned over for $1
Phones given to the campus
Demarc established
Normally at the EF or Entrance Facility
FVTC – maintained on the 2nd floor

7. Commercial continued Typical install
Large multi-conductor cable ran into Demarc
Ran into EF Entrance Facility
Backbone cables ran to TR’s Telecom Rooms or IC’s Intermediate Cross Connects
From TR’s to 110/66 blocks
110/66 cross-connect field to 110/66 Distribution field
Distribution field to station jack or
Mutoas or connection points then to stations
IC’ to TR’s via a backbone cable

8. Jack to Rack
Primary focus will be on the cable that runs from the TR to the work area station jack.
Performance tests
cable termination
110/66 blocks
Patch Panels

9. Equipment Racks
19” Rack standard
23” Rack standard

10. Grounding Need BISCI Standards, Doc cam pg 292, 296
Power companies do not provide ground
Safety issues
BISCI Standards, Doc cam pg 292, 296

11. Typical facility layout PG 9 BISCI – Doc cam
STA
Draw on board
IDF CO
IDF
MDF
IDF
IDF

12. Typical Residential layout
Wire color code
Telephone Network Interface
Draw on board
Function
Old Color
New Color
Tip 1
Green
White/Blue
Ring 1
Red
Blue/White
Tip 2
Black
White/Orange
Ring 2
Yellow
Orange/White

13. Multiple jacks in a residence

14. Plenum versus non plenum cabling
Why
Characteristics

15. Cable Specifications Review specs on a given cable – look up on web

16. NEXT – Near end cross talk or EMI, signal transmitted on an adjacent pair from the near end and measured at the near end
FEXT – Far end cross talk, signal transmitted on an adjacent pair from the near end and measured at the far end of the cable
Attenuation This is the decrease in signal strength (expressed as negative dB) from one end of a cable to the other. The main causes of attenuation are impedance, temperature, skin effect and dielectric loss. Impedance is the combination of resistance, inductance and capacitance in a cable, it is measured in Ohms and opposes the flow of current.

17. DC loop resistance This is simply the resistance between the two conductors of a twisted pair which is looped back at the far end. The primary purpose of this test is to make sure that there are no high resistance connections in the link.
Return Loss When a cable is manufactured there are slight imperfections in the copper. These imperfections all contribute to the Structural Return Loss (SRL) measurement because each one causes an impedance mismatch which adds to the cables attenuation.
Delay This is the propagation delay or the time it takes for the signal to travel from one end of the cable to the other

18. Delay Skew
The difference between the fastest and slowest pairs. Some networks use a four pair transmission method, this means that the signal is split into four, sent down the four pairs in the cable and re-combined at the far end. It is essential that the signals reach the far end at near enough the same time, otherwise the signal will not be re-combined correctly.

19. ACR
The pink area in the graph is the attenuation, and the blue area is the crosstalk.

20. ACR The first thing to understand about testing data cables is the ACR, this stands for Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio. The pink area in the graph is the attenuation, this can be caused by several things as will be explained below, and the blue area is the crosstalk. Attenuation is the reduction in signal strength over the length of the cable and frequency range

21. the crosstalk is the external noise that is introduced into the cable
the crosstalk is the external noise that is introduced into the cable. So, if the two areas meet, the data signal will be lost because the crosstalk noise will be at the same level as the attenuated signal.
ACR is the most important result when testing a link because it represents the overall performance of the cable.

22. Toning out a cable Test Equipment Demo –click on image Generator
Receiver

23. Basic Telephone service
Signals on a telephone line
Tracing a line, another set of test equipment
Battery
Ring
Dial tone