1. CHAPTER 3
Growth of a New Nation

3. Alien & Sedition Acts
Unconstitutional because it denied freedom of speech and press
Led to principle of nullification (the states have the right to nullify, or consider void, any act of Congress that they deem unconstitutional).

4. Judicial Review Marbury v. Madison judicial video clip
Ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional
judicial
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5. Jeffersonian Era Started the Republican Party Simple gov. is best
Shrink power and influence of fed. gov.
Shrink navy until need arises

6. Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson buys land from Miss. River to Rocky Mtns. From France (Napoleon) for $15 million.
This doubled the land mass of the U.S.
Lewis Clark
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jeff
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7. War of 1812 U.S. shipping threatened by France and Great Britain
We focus out anger on Britain because of their policy of impressment
impress
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8. Consequences of war Washington D.C. re-built
Growth of American industry who had to supply the war effort
Confirmed the U.S. as an independent, viable, strong country.

9. Monroe and Jackson – American Expansion
Monroe Doctrine – warning to Eur. powers not to colonize in western hemisphere.
An assertive but important statement. (Europe obeyed!)

10. Expansion (cont.)
Manifest destiny = it is inevitable (our destiny) to head west and take over the continent from Mexico and Native Americans. (it was our God-given right)

11. Expansion (cont.) 49th parallel established
Oregon Trail leads many to the Northwest Territory
California Trail to San Francisco
Santa Fe Trail to the southwest

12. Florida
Seminole Indians raid Georgian farms and harbor slaves. This makes Georgians upset
Andrew Jackson fights Seminole and enters Florida (controlled by Spain)
To avoid war, Adams (Sec. of State) signs the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
U.S. pays $5 million to Spain…They cede it to us.

13. The Spanish West and Southwest
Mexican Independence from Spain
Father Hidalgo and his reforms:
Ends slavery in Mexico.
Ended unfair taxes.
Spread the wealth among the people.
Defeated and executed in 1811.
Mexico gains independence in 1821
Its borders include present-day CA, AZ, NM, TX, NV, & UT

14. Texas Moves Toward Independence
Tejanos – Spanish settlers who established a cattle-ranching society in present-day Texas.
Americans are encouraged to come to Texas and make a living as long as they follow the rules:
Obey Mexican laws
Become Mexican citizens
Support the Catholic Church
They don’t!
Texans declare Independence from Mexico.

15. The Lone Star Republic Texans revolt and win independence from Mexico.
General Santa Anna attacks at the Alamo, kills all 114 inside.
Becomes rallying cry for Texas
war for independence.
U.S. government decides not to annex.
Becomes a country – The Republic of Texas (The Lone Star Republic) 1836 – 1845

16. The Mexican War Why were they mad?
They’ve been nice, and we spit in their face.
California, Texas
The disputed border
Polk sent Zachary Taylor to the region to “protect U.S. interests there.”
Americans are killed on “American soil” and war is declared.

17. Mexico is defeated. Signs the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
U.S. agrees to pay $15 million for the ‘Mexican Cession’

18. Precedents are Established
The Mexican War was the first U.S. war fought mostly on foreign soil.
1st covered by newspapers.
1st to be photographed
New ideas
Antiwar sentiment
Civil Disobedience

19. Review Questions:
Why did Mexico allow the first American settlers into Texas?
Why did Texas eventually become a state of the U.S.?
What was the belief that Americans need to span the continent?
How did we acquire the Mexican Cession?