1. Cells
Part 1: Characteristics of Living Things

2. What characteristics does it have that makes you think that way?
Introduction
Living or Non-living?
How do you know?
What characteristics does it have that makes you think that way?

3. What makes something living?
All living things have things in common.
For something to be considered living, it must have each of these four characteristics.

4. Characteristic 1 Living things grow.
Living things consume materials used to build new structures or to replace damaged parts.

5. Characteristic 2 Living things reproduce.
Most living things make copies similar to themselves.
One-celled organisms make exact copies of themselves by binary fission.

6. Characteristic 3 Living things respond to their environment.
Living things respond to light, temperature, food, etc.
The ability to change makes living things able to survive.

7. Characteristic 4 Living things are organized.
The cell is the basic unit of organization in living things.
One-celled organisms contain all the structures needed to survive.

8. Any Questions?

9. Cells
Part 2: Cell Organelles

10. The Cell Theory explains the importance of cells.
All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the smallest thing that carry out all the functions of life. `
All cells come from pre-existing cells.

11. Cell Size

12. There are 2 major types of cells.
Animal Cells
Plant Cells

13. Organelle means “little organ”.
Cell Organelles
Organelle means “little organ”.
Organelles are tiny structures inside cells that carry out specific duties.
Each of your organs performs a certain job for your body, and each organelle performs a certain job for the cell!

14. Animal Cell

15. The outer layer of the cell.
Cell Membrane
The outer layer of the cell.
The cell membrane forms a thin, protective covering around the cell.
It also controls what comes in and goes out of the cell.

16. Cytoplasm The liquid inside the cell.
The liquid inside cells which contains the organelles and all other cell materials
It is mainly water, but contains food, proteins and other chemicals.

17. It holds information that a cell needs to function and to reproduce.
Nucleus
The brain of the cell!
It holds information that a cell needs to function and to reproduce.
The information is in the form of DNA: the blueprint for all cells.

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum
The roadways inside a cell!
The “ER” is a series of passageways used to transport things inside the cell.
It is similar to the network of pipes inside your home!

19. Golgi Apparatus The post office of the cell!
The Golgi takes materials from the ER and packages it to be sent around the cell.
The Golgi body creates vacuoles and puts materials inside them.

20. Vacuoles The storage cupboards of the cell.
Vacuoles are empty sacs that contain water, food, wastes and other materials.
Vacuoles store things until they are needed or are removed.

21. The trash compactors of the cell.
Lysosomes
The trash compactors of the cell.
Lysosomes contain chemicals called enzymes that break down wastes.
Lysosomes are used to get rid of wastes made by the cell.

22. Mitochondria The powerhouse of the cell.
Mitochondria break down sugar using oxygen to produce energy for the cell.
The more active a cell is, the more mitochondria it has.

23. The builders of the cell!
Ribosomes
The builders of the cell!
Ribosomes are tiny structures that produce new proteins for the cell.
Ribosomes are found on the ER and within the cytoplasm.

24. Plant Cell

25. The protective wall around the cell.
Cell Wall
The protective wall around the cell.
The cell wall is a tough coating found just outside the cell membrane.
The cell wall supports the cell and makes it rigid.

26. Central Vacuole A large vacuole inside the cell.
The central vacuole holds mainly water and is used to help keep the cell rigid.
The vacuole is like an over-filled water balloon - it is hard!

27. Chloroplasts The food factory inside the cell.
Chloroplasts use energy from the sun to make sugar for the mitochondria.
Chloroplasts contain a green chemical called chlorophyll.

28. Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
No cell wall
Has a cell wall
No chloroplasts
Many chloroplasts
Small vacuoles
1 central vacuole
Flexible shape
Strong and rigid

29. Any Questions?

30. Cells
Part 3: Specialized Cells

31. Plants and animals have many cells.
Introduction
Plants and animals have many cells.
In larger organisms, cells are often very different looking from each other.
This is because some cells are specially designed to perform a specific job.

32. Introduction Plants and animals have many cells.
In larger organisms, cells are often very different looking from each other.
This is similar to a toolbox: each tool is specially shaped to do a very specific function.
This cells are called specialized cells.

33. To transport oxygen around the body to all of our cells.
Red Blood Cells
Animals
Main Function:
Structure:
To transport oxygen around the body to all of our cells.
A flexible shape
No nucleus

34. To protect the body from invaders. (bacteria, viruses)
White Blood Cells
Animals
Main Function:
Structure:
To protect the body from invaders. (bacteria, viruses)
Different types
Some can grab!

35. To move the body by contracting and relaxing.
Muscle Cells
Animals
Main Function:
Structure:
To move the body by contracting and relaxing.
Long, thin, & strong
Lots of mitochondria

36. To carry messages around the body.
Nerve Cells
Animals
Main Function:
Structure:
To carry messages around the body.
Long and thin with many branches to connect to others!

37. To form a tough outer layer around the body.
Skin Cells
Animals
Main Function:
Structure:
To form a tough outer layer around the body.
Thin and strong
Overlap each other

38. Filter out dust and bad chemicals from our lungs.
Lung Cells
Animals
Main Function:
Structure:
Filter out dust and bad chemicals from our lungs.
Have sticky cilia to trap small particles

39. To detect color and to detect light and dark
Eye Cells
Animals
Main Function:
Structure:
To detect color and to detect light and dark
Cones see colors (R, G, B) and rods detect brightness

40. To grow and develop into a larger organism.
Egg Cells
Animals
Main Function:
Structure:
To grow and develop into a larger organism.
A huge cell!
Lots of food stores

41. To absorb sunlight to make food for the plant.
Leaf Cells
Plants
Main Function:
Structure:
To absorb sunlight to make food for the plant.
At top of the leaf
Lots of chloroplasts

42. To open and close holes at the bottom of leaves.
Guard Cells
Plants
Main Function:
Structure:
To open and close holes at the bottom of leaves.
Sausage shaped
Can shrink & swell

43. To pollinate another flower far away.
Pollen Cells
Plants
Main Function:
Structure:
To pollinate another flower far away.
Light and sticky
Carried easily

44. Unicellular Organisms
Unicellular organisms are made of only 1 cell.
These organisms still perform all of the necessary life functions, including:
Eating food
Making energy
Removing waste
Moving around
Growing
Reproducing

45. Unicellular creatures that lives everywhere on our planet!
Bacteria
Unicellular
Description:
Features:
Unicellular creatures that lives everywhere on our planet!
3 shapes: rod, sphere & spiral
No nucleus

46. A fast moving unicellular organism found in pond water.
Paramecium
Unicellular
Description:
Features:
A fast moving unicellular organism found in pond water.
Tiny hairs called cilia that it uses to move around

47. A unicellular creature that lives in ponds, streams and rivers.
Amoeba
Unicellular
Description:
Features:
A unicellular creature that lives in ponds, streams and rivers.
Has flexible arms called pseudopods to grab its food

48. A unicellular organism found in pond water.
Euglena
Unicellular
Description:
Features:
A unicellular organism found in pond water.
An animal that has chloroplasts!
Has a flagellum

49. A unicellular plant that lives in lakes and oceans.
Volvox
Unicellular
Description:
Features:
A unicellular plant that lives in lakes and oceans.
Has chloroplasts
Combine together to form colonies

50. Any Questions?