1. Scapular behavior in shoulder impingement syndrome
Luc J. Hébert, PT, PhD, Hélène Moffet, PT, PhD, Bradford J. McFadyen, PhD, Clermont E. Dionne, OT, PhD 
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 
Volume 83, Issue 1, Pages (January 2002)
DOI: /apmr
Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Axes and directions of scapular rotations. A local coordinate reference system was determined with P1 as the origin. The 3D scapular attitudes reflect scapular rotations from resting position around 3 orthogonal axes: the E-IR (frontal plane, Zs axis), APT (sagittal plane, Ys axis), and APTR (transverse plane, Xs axis) of the scapula. Scapular attitudes were calculated from a rotation matrix using a ZsXsYs Cardan sequence of rotations. A right-hand rule was used to determine positive rotation. The scapular reference frame (Xs, Ys, Zs) for a right shoulder had the positive Z axis directed posteriorly. The positive Y axis was directed downward along the lateral border of the scapula crossing P1 and P2. The positive X axis, directed obliquely upward toward the left shoulder, was the cross product of the Z and Y axes. Abbreviations: ER, external rotation, IR, internal rotation; ATR, anterior transverse rotation, PTR, posterior transverse rotation.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , 60-69DOI: ( /apmr )
Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Contribution of each scapular rotation of shoulders with impingement syndrome (SHimp, n = 41) and contralateral asymptomatic shoulders (SHctl, n = 29) as a percentage of the scapular total ROM in flexion and abduction. Each bar represents the scapular total ROM (100%) as indicated by the arrow. Pearson’s product- moment correlation (rp) between scapular rotations and the scapular total ROM are indicated within the corresponding bar section and significant correlations are labeled with an asterisk.* P <.017; ** P <.001.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , 60-69DOI: ( /apmr )
Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Mean ± 1 SD scapular attitudes at rest of SHimp and SHctl of 29 subjects. Paired t tests were conducted to verify significant differences between SHimp and SHctl for each scapular rotation at rest.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , 60-69DOI: ( /apmr )
Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
3D scapular attitudes of SHimp (n = 41) and SHctl (n = 29) at different flexion and abduction positions. Each bar graph indicates the mean scapular rotation measured and 1 SD (T bar). The large translucent rectangle indicates the scapular total ROM. Mean scapular total ROM values and SDs are indicated on the top of this rectangle. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between SHimp and SHctl (P <.05).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , 60-69DOI: ( /apmr )
Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Scapular rotations at 90° of flexion and abduction of SHimp (●) and SHctl (□) of 29 subjects with SIS who were bilaterally assessed. The grey band indicates the 99% CI of the mean scapular rotation of 10 SHhe. The number of SHimp and SHctl located above, within, and below the 99% CI of SHhe is indicated in each condition.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , 60-69DOI: ( /apmr )
Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Classification of subjects with a SIS as lead, symmetrical, or lag depending on whether the difference in anterior tilting between the SHimp (●) and SHctl (□) was superior, equal, or inferior, respectively, to 1 SD of the mean anterior tilting of SHhe at 90° of arm elevation. Subject numbers are indicated on the horizontal axis. The grey band indicates the 99% CI of the mean amplitude of anterior tilting of SHhe.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , 60-69DOI: ( /apmr )
Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions