1. Volume 118, Issue 2, Pages 316-327 (February 2000)
Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in postoperative intestinal smooth muscle dysfunction in rodents 
Jörg C. Kalff, Wolfgang H. Schraut, Timothy R. Billiar, Richard L. Simmons, Anthony J. Bauer 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 118, Issue 2, Pages (February 2000)
DOI: /S (00)
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2. Fig. 1
Time course of up-regulation of iNOS mRNA levels in isolated jejunal mucosa and muscularis after intestinal manipulation in the rat small bowel. The 2 upper panels are representative RT-PCR gel bands of mucosa and muscularis specimens (positive control, control animal, and 1 representative example of each time point). Low control levels were shown in both layers by RT-PCR. The bottom graph shows signal quantification using phosphor imaging for a time course of 0–24 hours after intestinal manipulation. Mucosa message peaked early and declined rapidly below control levels. Levels of iNOS mRNA were significant at 30 minutes and 1 hour after manipulation. Muscularis iNOS message increased and declined gradually with peak expression occurring at 12 hours after manipulation (n = 3). Muscularis levels of iNOS mRNA were significantly different at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours after manipulation.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
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3. Fig. 2
Histogram showing a significant increase in NO (■) and nitrite (▨) production in culture supernatants of the manipulated intestinal muscularis compared with control. Muscle specimens from control rats and animals 24 hours after manipulation were cultured for 24 hours. NO and nitrite productions were measured by chemiluminescence and the Griess reaction. The third bar set in the histogram shows NO and nitrite produced from manipulated muscularis specimens in the presence of L-NIL (50 μmol/L). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 5–7. *P < 0.05 vs. control; #P < 0.05 vs. manipulation.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
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4. Fig. 3
Effect of the selective iNOS inhibitor L-NIL (50 μmol/L) on spontaneous contractions recorded from jejunal circular smooth muscle. (A) Spontaneous activity from a control rat, which does not significantly change in response to L-NIL. (B) Marked reduction in spontaneous activity of a muscle strip 12 hours after manipulation. Compared with control preparations, manipulated muscle strips show a marked increase in spontaneous activity in the presence of L-NIL (50 μmol/L).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
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5. Fig. 4
Organ bath recorded mechanical traces of bethanechol-stimulated (100 μmol/L) circular muscle strips taken from C57BL/6 mice. (A) Recording from a control animal and (B) a marked decrease in activity 24 hours after intestinal manipulation. Both traces were taken from typical incremental dose-response curve experiments.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 4
Organ bath recorded mechanical traces of bethanechol-stimulated (100 μmol/L) circular muscle strips taken from C57BL/6 mice. (A) Recording from a control animal and (B) a marked decrease in activity 24 hours after intestinal manipulation. Both traces were taken from typical incremental dose-response curve experiments.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
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7. Fig. 5
Bethanechol-stimulated dose-response curves of circular muscle contractile activity. Responses of (A) C57BL/6 mice and (B) iNOS KO and WT mice generated from control jejunal muscle and 24 hours after intestinal manipulation. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
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8. Fig. 5
Bethanechol-stimulated dose-response curves of circular muscle contractile activity. Responses of (A) C57BL/6 mice and (B) iNOS KO and WT mice generated from control jejunal muscle and 24 hours after intestinal manipulation. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
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9. Fig. 6
MPO staining of jejunal muscularis whole-mounts of the jejunum in mice after intestinal manipulation. (A) A low number of MPO-positive cells in a control WT mouse. (B) Infiltrating cells staining positive within the muscularis 24 hours after intestinal manipulation in a WT mouse. (C) The near absence of PMNs in whole-mounts from iNOS KO mice. Comparison of D with B shows a significant reduction in infiltrated MPO-positive cells in a surgically manipulated muscularis whole-mount from an iNOS KO mouse at 24 hours. (Original magnification: A–D, 100×.)
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
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10. Fig. 7
Histogram quantifying the infiltration of PMNs into muscularis whole-mounts. Cells were stained using the Hanker–Yates reaction on control and manipulated specimens of C57BL/6, iNOS WT, and iNOS KO mice and counted at a magnification of 200×. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 5–7. *P < 0.05 vs. control; #P < 0.05 vs. WT manipulation.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

11. Fig. 8
Whole-mounts of the muscularis overlying the intestinal Peyer's patch stained for MPO-positive PMNs. (A) Typical clustering of PMNs within the circular muscle overlying a Peyer's patch from a WT mouse. (B) This distribution pattern was absent in the muscularis of iNOS KO mice. (Original magnification: A and B, 40×.)
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (00) )
Copyright © 2000 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions