1. HOW DO CIVILIZATIONS
DEVELOP?

2. HOW DID
WE GET
FROM THIS…

3. …TO THIS!

4. LET’S GO
BACK
TO THE
BEGINNING…

5. MAN IS A
“TOOL MAKING”
ANIMAL

6. OBSIDIAN
ARROW
HEAD

7. THE “ATL-ATL” IN ACTION

9. IT ALL
STARTED
WITH
THE “BAND”…

10. Bands are an
extended
Family…

11. …or
several
related extended families

12. Bands are made up of 5 to 80 people, most or all of them close relatives

13. All humans
lived in bands
until at least
40,000 years ago

14. Bands are
nomadic
hunter-gatherers

15. THE HUNTERS
MUST WORK
AS A TEAM TO
SURVIVE

16. A FLINT “KNAPPER” AT WORK
THIS IS AN EARLY EXAMPLE OF WORK SPECIALIZATION

17. 17

18. Bands have no laws, police or treaties to resolve conflicts

19. Bands have
no formal or
hereditary
leadership

20. Leadership Is
informal
and
by skill level

21. Today bands
are still living
in only the
remotest
parts of
New Guinea and
Amazonia

27. Clans

28. CLANS ARE SIMILAR TO “BANDS”
IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:

29. CLANS ARE SIMILAR TO “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
CLANS ARE ALSO MADE UP OF EXTENDED FAMILIES, OR “TRIBES”

30. CLANS ARE SIMILAR TO “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
CLANS ARE ALSO MADE UP OF EXTENDED FAMILIES, OR “Tribes”
IN CLANS YOU WOULD ALSO KNOW EVERYONE BY NAME AND RELATIONSHIP
CLANS ALSO SETTLE CONFLICTS WITH THE HELP OF RELATIVES AND KIN

31. CLANS ARE SIMILAR TO “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
CLANS ARE ALSO MADE UP OF EXTENDED FAMILIES, OR “TRIBES”
IN CLANS YOU WOULD ALSO KNOW EVERYONE BY NAME AND RELATIONSHIP
CLANS ALSO SETTLE CONFLICTS WITH THE HELP OF RELATIVES AND KIN
AS IN A “BAND”… CLAN LEADERSHIP IS NOT INHERITED AND LEADERS ARE CHOSEN BY MERIT AND SKILL

32. CLANS ARE DIFFERENT FROM “BANDS”
IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:

33. CLANS ARE DIFFERENT FROM “BANDS”
IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
CLANS ARE LARGER THAN BANDS – SEVERAL HUNDRED PEOPLE INSTEAD OF SEVERAL DOZEN PEOPLE

34. CLANS ARE DIFFERENT FROM “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
CLANS ARE LARGER THAN BANDS – SEVERAL HUNDRED PEOPLE INSTEAD OF SEVERAL DOZEN PEOPLE
THIS SCHOOL IS ABOUT THE RIGHT SIZE FOR A CLAN

35. CLANS ARE DIFFERENT FROM “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
CLANS ARE LARGER THAN BANDS – SEVERAL HUNDRED PEOPLE INSTEAD OF SEVERAL DOZEN PEOPLE
THIS SCHOOL IS ABOUT THE RIGHT SIZE FOR A TRIBE
CLANS HAVE A FIXED SETTLEMENT – CLANS LIVE IN A VILLAGE, OR CLUSTER OF VILLAGES

36. Decision-making in a
CLAN is usually
By a group of elders
Decision-making is
Usually by consensus
(meaning all come to
An agreement)

37. Leaders dress the same and live in the same dwellings as anyone else

38. If there is a “big-man”, it is not a formal office and it is not inherited

39. In a CLAN
no one is richer than anyone else...
ITS ALL ABOUT HONOR!
The economy is based on exchanges between people....and MOST IMPORTANTLY....A CLAN IS THE DEFAULT GOVERNMENT FOR HUMANS!

40. A Clan's biggest fear......? Conflict or Feud! “BLOOD FEUD”
This can, will, and has destroyed many Clans!

41. To Review the Story.....
Humans live in small bands hunting and gathering
The development of language leads to more complex tools
Complex tools help us live in larger more diverse groups. And, helped us spread out.
More people, more ideas, more technology, create CLANS
People specialize, domesticate plants and animals. Surplus!
Surplus (extra) food and time eventually lead to villages and large groups of humans....CIVILIZ ATION?

45. THE TAOS PUEBLO

46. TRIBAL LEADERS JUMPING ROPE
TAOS PUEBLO KOSHARE

47. THE TAOS PUEBLO
POLE CLIMB

50. To live in a settlement (or village), you need food production or very concentrated resources in a small area

51. Clans or Tribes began to emerge about 13,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent.