1. Presenter _ Eunjin Jeung Eunsuk LEE
Week 5_ Tense and Aspect
Presenter _ Eunjin Jeung
Eunsuk LEE

2. Tense & Aspect
1. Basic Forms
2. Basic Meaning
3. Meaning in Context

3. Tense Aspect (location of a situation in time) present past perfect
1. Basic Forms
present
past
Tense
(location of a situation in time)
perfect
progressive (continuous)
Aspect
(the way that situation is perceived or experience)

4. The basic structure Basic structure of English verb forms
Tense (Modal) (Perfect) (Progressive) Verb
PAST or PRESENT (WILL) (HAVE + EN) (BE + ING) VERB
1 The left-to-right order of components is fixed.
2 Each component influences the form of the component to its right.
Examples
1. I do my homework everyday.
2. I did my homework yesterday.
3. I will do my homework tomorrow.
4. I was doing my homework.
5. I have been doing my homework.
6. I had done my homework before my mother came back.

5. in time & Remoteness in possibility
1. Tense
Basic Meaning
I lived there then.
I live here now.
Remote &
Non- remote
I eat three burgers everyday.
He ate four burgers yesterday.
He will eat two burgers next day.
Factual &
Non-factual
She goes to school on foot.
He went to school by bike.
I can offer you some advice.
I could offer you some advice
Remoteness
in time & Remoteness in possibility

6. Processes become change flow grow harden learn
Stative
Cognition
Believe
hate
know
like understand want
Relations be
belong contain
have
own
resemble
Dynamic
Punctual
Acts
hit
jump
Kick
stab
strike
throw
Durative
Activities eat run
swim walk work write
Processes become change flow grow harden learn
2.Lexical
aspect
Aspect
Lexical
Stative
Dynamic
Punctual
Durative
Grammatical
progressive
perfect

7. Stative or Dynamic We understand the question.
Punctual or Durative
(non-durative)
We understand the question.
And we know the answers.
We like our English class.
But we hate the tests.
We are intelligent people.
And we have opinions.
✽ no action by an agent. Do not used with progressive forms.
✽ change of concepts or actions
She kicked the ball
It hit the window.
And it smashed the glass.
We should more and eat less.
We’ll become more peaceful as we grow older.
✽ non-durative meaning ,isolated acts.
✽ take place for a little long time, not an instant.
ex) I’m having a car now (X)
He’s kicking the box (X)

8. Basic Meaning Grammatical Aspect Concept of situation
Progressive viewed from the inside, in progress
perfect viewed from the outside, in retrospect
Incomplete or complete
(progressive) (perfect)
He is eating lunch.
He has eaten lunch.
I am writing some notes.
I have written some notes.
We are baking a cake.
We have baked a cake.

9. In a magazine article In academic writing In narratives
3.Meaning in Context
In a magazine article
In academic writing
In narratives
In a news report
In spoken discourse
Discussion topics and projects
Teaching ideas

10. Magazine
past tense- background information
Present tense- foreground of writer’s focus
Academic Writing
Past- report on research
Present- generalizations by the current writers

11. Narrative
Past- background for understanding the story
Present- foreground to look like a present experiences
News Report
Present- Headlines
Perfect present- recent changes and current situations

12. Discourse
Past progressive- initial background, scene-setting
Past – further background events
Discussion
Ingressive aspect verbs like begin, start
Egressive verbs like stop, quit
Continuative verbs like continue, stay, remain.
Discourse

13. Teaching ideas

14. Presenter : Eunjin Jeung
Class Description :
Class : Once a week in the Morning
Age / grade : 30~35 year old housewives & Intermediate level
Motivation : Students had attended English class in the public school system since middle school, but have not had opportunity to practice English outside the classroom. Also, students are not very interested in English unless it has a practical application for their lives. This class is intended to make them more active learners and develop all 4 skills.
2. Language Focus :
Grammatical Aspect – The Perfect Progressive Tenses
Lexical focus – The tense of Verb(have been, had been, will have been)
Presenter : Eunjin Jeung

15. Move body your along
Clap, clap, clap. We’re going to clap, clap, clap. We’re going to clap our hands And sing this song, So move your body along. Stomp, stomp, stomp, We’re going to stomp, stomp, stomp. We’re going to stomp our feet And sing this song, So move your body along. Stretch, stretch, stretch. We’re going to stretch, stretch, stretch. We’re going to stretch our arms And sing this song, So move your body along.

17. Always contain a lot of useful vocabulary & expression
Many of the words are repeated and it makes easier to understand.
Music is an easy habit. take the music with you wherever you go
Help to Ss acquire grammar & vocabulary

19. I have been living with a shadow overhead
I have been sleeping with a cloud above my bed
I have been hiding all my hopes and dreams away
I have been setting aside time

20. (in the simple present)
Exercises. 1 The Present Perfect Progressive Practice
Have
(in the simple present)
been
Verb +~ing
I’ve been __________ (to live) with a shadow overhead.
I’ve been __________ (to sleep) with a cloud above my bed.
I’ve been __________ (to hide) all my hopes and dreams away.
I’ve been __________ (to set) aside time.

21. What have these people been doing or what has been happening?
Exercises. 2
What have these people been doing or what has been happening?
Raymond Murphy with William R.Smalzer, Grammar in use intermediate, p.21

23. Mini Book Instructions
Exercises. 3
Mini Book Instructions

24. Thank you for listening
Have a wonderful weekend!