1. Chapter 26
NEW IMPERIALISM

2. What’s Imperialism? Building an “Empire”
Imperialism - Establishing authority over another nation by exercising economic and political force or by territorial acquisition.

3. Comparing to Early Modern Colonization
“Early Modern Colonization” began in the 15th century and lasted until the 18th century

4. Leading Nations
The major powers were Spain, Portugal, England, & France
Land Colonized-
Most of the land that they colonized was in the “new world,” aka the Americas

5. Characteristics of Early Modern Colonization
Exploiting natural resources, setting up centers of trade
Mercantilism
Roman Catholic missionaries
Slave trade
Founding settlements and attracting large amounts of immigrants
Technology  seagoing vessels, muskets, cannon

6. Motives behind Early Modern Colonization
Primary motives that drove Early Modern Colonization were…
New trade routes
Acquiring precious metals
Religious missionaries
Expansion of territory, particularly for agriculture

7. New Imperialism
New Imperialism began in the 1870’s and lasted until 1914

8. Leading Nations
A much larger number of nations were involved in New Imperialism:
France
Great Britain
Germany
Italy
Belgium
Russia
Spain
USA
Japan

9. Land Colonized
Primary focus was –
Africa
South and Southeast Asia

10. Characteristics of New Imperialism
Investment in less developed countries
Free trade
Nationalist fervor
Protestant as well as Catholic missions
“Humanitarian” duty to spread Western civilization
Spheres of influence and protectorates
Attempt to control native populations
Colonies served as markets for manufactured goods

11. Motives behind New Imperialism
The primary motives that drove New Imperialism are greatly debated by historians:
Some emphasize the economic imperative to obtain resources that their countries lacked
Others emphasize the social and political motivations of nationalist pride, racism, and the sense of duty to spread Western ideals

12. New Imperialism: Great Britain
Spheres of Influence and Protectorates -
Protectorate is a non-Western territory that Western nations exercised control over without officially annexing it
Sphere of Influence – Arrangement where Western nation (or US or Japan) received special economic privileges without direct political involvement
EXAMPLE: Egypt was a protectorate of Great Britain, and China was in its Sphere of Influence

14. Great Britain in China Britain grew Opium in India
Sold it to Chinese, who became very addicted
Chinese officials attempted to ban the import of opium
Led to Opium Wars, which China lost (1830s-1860s)
Led to greater freedom for Great Britain economically

15. Great Britain in India Background: The British East India Company
Traded spices, tea, silk, cotton, indigo dye, and opium
Had its own military and eventually ruled over large areas of India

17. Coffee House in mid-19th century British India

18. British Opium Warehouse in Patna, India
Selling Patna Opium in China

19. Sepoys, 1850s Sepoys were born in India Sepoys were paid
soldiers for the East
India Company
(mercenaries)
Britain needed about
300,000 sepoys to
secure India for the
company

20. The Sepoy Mutiny: 1857 Also called India’s First War of Independence
Result: End of East India Company and British crown takes over

21. Great Britain in India Beginning of the British Raj, from 1858 to 1947
Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India

22. Great Britain in India
India was the most important part of the British Empire – “Jewel in the crown”
Provided base for military and economic power in Asia
Britain would go to great lengths to protect India

23. Great Britain in India

24. Great Britain in India
Complications of rule: non Western cultures, religions, traditions
Heterogeneous population
Often treated Indians as inferiors

25. Task Complete the map & cartoon questions (2nd page)
Complete Gandhi reading (3rd page)