1. Isabel Brum Luis D. Molinaris Claudia Morales
Brazil vs
Argentina
Isabel Brum
Luis D. Molinaris
Claudia Morales

2. Type of Government Brazil
Is considered a federal representative democratic republic, under a presidential structure
President is both head of state and head of government
The government has three branches, the judiciary, executive, and legislative.
The administrative organizations include the federal government, state, federal district, municipalities
Argentina
Functions as presidential democratic republic
President is the head of state, head of government, as well as commander-in-chief of the armed forces
The government has three branches, the judiciary, executive, and legislative.
The president has the power to draft bills and declare a state of emergency or war.

3. Origin
Brazil
It was first discovered by Pedro Cabral around the year 1500
On September 7,1822, it declared its independence from Portugal and it became the Empire of Brazil
A military in 1889 established the First Brazilian Republic
Argentina
In 1536 Pedro de Mendoza founded the small settlement of Buenos Aires
On July , the Congress of Tucumán formalized the Declaration of Independence
In 1826 Buenos Aires enacted another centralist constitution with Bernardino Rivadavia being appointed as the first president of the country

4. Who governs?
Brazil
Jao Bolsonaro
Argentina
Mauricio Macri

5. Government Structure Brazil
Democratic Federal Republic, presidential with separation of powers.
26 states plus the Federal District. Each state is divided into municipalities, with mayors and councilors directly elected.
Divided into 3 branches:
Legislature: bicameral
Senate: made up of 3 senators, publicly elected for an 8-year term, from each state.
Chamber of Deputies: consists of representatives, elected by proportional vote for a 4-year term, from each state.
Executive: president and vice president, publicly elected for a 4-year term, and the cabinet.
Judiciary: in charge of all courts, and has financial and administrative autonomy.
Argentina
Presidential Democratic Republic
(Local Government) Divided into 23 districts, which are called provinces, and one autonomous district that hosts the national capital. Each province has its Constitution, laws and forms of government with 3 branches).
Divided into 3 branches:
Executive: president and vice president elected through universal suffrage for a 4-year term. The president appoints the cabinet members.
Legislature: bicameral National Congress
Senate: consists of 72 members, that serve for 6 years
Chamber of Deputies: has 257 members that serve for 4 years
Judiciary: consists of the Supreme court, judges and jurisdictions. The Supreme court is made up of the court president, vice president and 5 judges who are appointed by the president and approved by the Congress.

6. How is power obtained and transferred?
Brazil
Democracy: people in power are elected by the residents of the country.
Voting is compulsory for all residents between 18 and 69 years. Anyone that is 16, 17 or older than 69 is not obligated.
The president is elected through ballot votes for a 4-year term.
The 81 senate members are elected by a proportional representation system for a 4-year term.
The 513 Chamber of Deputies members are elected by a ballot vote for an 8-year term.
Each judge is elected by the tribunat members for a life-long term.
Argentina
Democracy: the residents have the right to vote since they are 16 years.
The Constitution provides a federal union where power is distributed throughout bodies in the provinces.
The president and the vice president are elected by universal suffrage that takes place in 2 rounds. The first round determines the two leading president and vice president tickets, and in the second round both are elected by majority. Both serve for a 4-year term. The president appoints the cabinet members
Supreme court’s members are elected by the president and approved by ⅔ of the senate members.
The 72 senate members and the 257 chamber of deputies’ members are elected from a closed-list proportional representation system.

7. How are laws and decisions made?
Brazil
Bills may be proposed by deputies, senators, the president, the attorney general; commissions within the House of Representatives, Senate, or Congress; or a group of brazilian citizens, if they represent at least 1% of the national electorate.
Bills must be reviewed by the Constitution and Justice Commission and another specific commission related to the subject matter.
Bills must be approved by both houses. If a bill is amended by the second house, it will be returned to the first house for approval of the amended section.
Once approved, it is sent to the President. If he vetoes the bill, Congress will hold a session to discuss whether to overturn the presidential veto. If he does not approve or veto the bill after 15 days, it will be considered approved.
Argentina
Bills may be proposed by the Lower and Upper Houses. If the citizens propose a bill it must pass through the lower house first.
Neither chamber is above the other; both must approve the bill.
Bills must pass with a 50% + 1 majority. If it does not, congress cannot deal with it for the rest of the year
The chamber in which a Bill is initiated is called the Chamber of Origin. If the bill is amended on the second House, it must go down to the original one where they can approve the amendments or insist on the original phrasing. Either way, it passes to the executive power.
If the executive vetoes, it goes down to both chambers again. Otherwise, it becomes a law after 10 days.

8. Advantages and disadvantages
Brazil
Advantages
Has a higher GDP per capita USD
Attracts 78% of all foreign investors in Latin America
Disadvantages
Has 32 political parties and 5 of them have control over the government
Favelas
Argentina
Advantages
Higher industrial growth rate
Disadvantages
Economy was a disaster after the dictatorship and only started recovering in 2003
High interests rates and almost no business credit incentives
Scared international investors after nationalizing the oil company in 2012

9. Other differences Brazil Long history of corruption
Participates in BRICS and in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries
Argentina
High literacy rate (98%)
Higher inflation rate (~27%)
Has many political pressure groups