1. James Madison’s Administration
Mr. Madison’s War
James Madison’s Administration

2. Father of the Constitution
Democratic-Republican like TJ
Career Lawyer and Politician
Submitted the Virginia Plan
Contributed to the Federalist Papers
Served in the House of Reps and as Secretary of State
Elected President of U.S. in 1808, defeating Charles Pinckney.

3. Recap Jefferson’s economic embargo
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809: no trade with France and England
Macon’s Bill #2 – Congress lifts restrictions on trade with England and France.
Madison can reinstate if necessary.
England and France confiscate American merchant ships.

4. War with England and Native Americas
Land – Farmers moving into western lands owned by Indians.
Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of SC call for war.
War Hawks – Congressmen who advocate war for a purpose (land in this case).
England trades guns with Native Americans. Urges them to fight American takeover.

5. War of 1812
President Madison urges congress to declare war against England.
Congress declares war against England on June 18, 1812
Why?
England arms Indians and urges them to kill Americans
England interferes with US trade
Stop the English kidnapping U.S. citizens from US ships and put into British navy (impressment)
War Hawks want Canada.

6. US Disadvantages No money. We borrow to pay for war. No army
Small navy
Not a popular war
Fight the #1 army/navy in the world (England)
Fight Native Americans across the frontier and Canada.

7. Tecumseh Native American leader of the Shawnee
Led a confederacy of Native Americans in “the old Northwest” (MI, OH, IL, IN, WI). MI and Ontario, mostly.
Small threat to the US
Pan-Indian movement: unite and kick out the Americans.
Waged war against the U.S. in Northwest to Southwest (Ontario-Mississippi)
Tecumseh defeated at the Battle of the Thames. Corpse mutilated by William Henry Harrison
Tecumseh’s forces eliminated by Andrew Jackson at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend

8. Navy Campaigns
Naval War – USS Constitution, Wasp, and United States win fights for US
US gov. will hire privateers to fight for US
Oliver Perry defeats British navy on Lake Erie giving the Great Lakes to US
But British navy strangles US ports with an embargo
British navy raids cities and lands troops in the Chesapeake Region, Potomac River (DC)

9. Land Campaigns Most battles were along the Canadian-American border.
US failed to invade Canada.
Washington D.C. – Burned to the ground by the British in 1814
Brits march on to Baltimore to capture Fort McHenry.
Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner while watching the British Navy bombard the fort.
Battle of New Orleans – British use as a bargaining chip in future negotiations.
General Andrew Jackson wins decisively. Becomes famous.

10. Treaty of Ghent
Stalemate – US and British sign the Treaty of Ghent ending the war
No Change in land holdings, national borders.
After the treaty, General Jackson defeats British in the Battle of New Orleans. Last battle of the war.

11. Hartford Convention
Leaders of the Federalist Party met in Hartford, CN to discuss New England secession because they hated “Mr. Madison’s War”
Drew up some proposals, took them to Washington, DC.
Presented them shortly before news of Battle of New Orleans arrived.
Federalists disgraced. End of the political party.

12. Essay Questions for Tomorrow
What are three positive and three negative attributes of “Nationalism”?
What constitutes “grounds for war”?
What are major reasons to go to war with another country?
Should “nationalism” play a role in the decision to go to war?