1. Short for Biological Diversity What does this mean?
Biodiversity Notes
Short for Biological Diversity
What does this mean?
Biological = Living organisms (plants and animals)
Diversity = variety

2. Lower Species Diversity Higher Species Diversity
number of species in a given area.
An island with 2 bird species and 1 lizard species is more diverse than an island with 3 bird species.
It’s numbers of species as well as categories of organisms.
Lower Species Diversity
Higher Species Diversity

3. A few of the hundreds of rice varieties found in India.
Genetic diversity
Variations of genes within a species.
Lots of distinct populations within a species (lots of varieties of rice in India--all from same species)
Genetic Variation within the population as a whole (high in Indian rhinos, low in cheetahs)
A few of the hundreds of rice varieties found in India.
Some genetic diversity in potatoes …

4. Coniferous Forest meeting a meadow
Ecosystem diversity
Variety of ecosystems within an area.
Wisconsin has about 9 different ecosystems, other states only have about 3, some >14, etc.
Very hard to measure due to overlapping boundary areas also called ecotones.
Coniferous Forest meeting a meadow
Ocean meeting a beach

5. Importance of Biodiversity:
Maintains soil quality: healthy bacteria, algae, fungi, mites, millipedes and worms help cycle nutrients
Maintains air quality: plants purify the air and filter harmful particles out of the air
Maintains water quality: variety of vegetation reduces erosion and purifies water by removing (using or absorbing) nutrients and pollution

6. Importance Continued …
Intercropping cocoa plants with coconut trees.
Importance Continued …
Pest control: most crop pests can be controlled by other organisms for a longer period of time – helpful because many pests become resistant to synthetic pesticides
Pollination and crop production: More than 1/3 of world’s crops rely on healthy pollinators
(Potential) Medicines: many current and possible future medications found in areas with high biodiversity

7. 5 Threats of Biodiversity
Habitat destruction/fragmentation
Invasive species
Population growth
Pollution
Overconsumption

8. Habitat Destruction
Changing a habitat to suit human needs…for housing, farming, etc.
This displaces animals/plants. As the human population grows, so does habitat destruction!

9. Fragmentation Breaking up large habitats into smaller habitats.
Creates an “edge” habitat where “inner” habitat used to be. Some plants and animals cannot adapt to these changes.

10. Invasive Species
Any organism that has been relocated somewhere other than its original habitat.
Oftentimes, invasive species out-compete native species resulting in disruption of the ecosystem and food chain. Many native organisms are becoming endangered by this!
Synonyms include:
Introduced species, non-native species, exotic species and alien species…
Zebra Mussel
Asian Beetle

11. Population growth of Humans
Increasing population means greater demand for food, shelter, fuel and water.
This often leads to habitat loss, pollution, resource scarcity and overconsumption (in areas with enough money)
Humans are coming into greater (more frequent) contact with previously wild areas with high biodiversity

12. Population expected to reach
8 billion by 2020

13. Pollution
Pollution can alter the habitat to the point where some plants and animals will not be able to adapt.
Global Climate Change--many species are intolerant to changes in temperature--affects feeding relationships and breeding patterns.
Acid rain/Air pollution-these types of issues do not respect borders. US acid rain fell in Canada destroying sugar maple forests which upset the amount/quality of maple syrup produced.

14. Overconsumption
Individuals consuming way more resources than needed to survive – sometimes more than is needed for a high standard of life
Industrialized nations make up 25% of the world’s population, but use 75% of its resources.
US makes up only 5% of world’s pop--causes 33% of world’s pollution!

16. 3 Ways to Properly Dispose of Waste:
Sanitary Landfill: designed to hold municipal solid waste (garbage)

17. 3 Ways to Properly Dispose of Waste:
2. Recycling: reclaiming and reusing metal, paper, glass, and plastic to make new materials

18. 3 Ways to Properly Dispose of Waste:
3. Composting: helping the natural decomposition process break down organic waste

19. Product Packaging
- Packaging of products has caused environmental problems associated with _solid waste disposal

20. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are non-renewable resources
Fossil Fuels
Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are non-renewable resources
-this means that there is only a limited amount and when they are used up, there will be no more.

21. Fossil Fuels and Pollution
Burning coal produces carbon monoxide which pollutes the air

22. Ecosystems need to maintain a state of equilibrium or balance
The Future
Ecosystems need to maintain a state of equilibrium or balance

23. The Future
To preserve the Earth, humans must understand how living things interact in their environment.

24. The Future
Conservationists work to maintain genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity.

25. Animal Behaviors
Animal behaviors are usually used to help an animal protect itself from a predator

26. Animal Behaviors
Daily animal behavior cycles are called circadian rhythm (internal clocks)

27. Animal Behavior Examples
Response: a cat hisses at a dog
Stimuli: a signal that causes an animal to react
Communication: a male cricket chirping to attract a mate
Migrate : Salmon return to the stream they were born in to reproduce