1. A Descriptive Analysis of Involuntary Bearing-down Efforts During the Expulsive Phase of Labor 
Joyce E. Roberts, RN, CNM, PHD, FAAN, Susan A. Goldstein, RN, CNM, MS, Jeanie S. Gruener, RN,CNM,MS, Margaret Maggio, RN,CNM,MS, Carlos Mendez-Bauer, MD,PHD 
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 
Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages (January 1987)
DOI: /j tb01438.x
Copyright © 1987 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1 Fetal heart rate pattern during second stage.
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing  , 48-55DOI: ( /j tb01438.x)
Copyright © 1987 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses Terms and Conditions