1. Volume 26, Issue 8, Pages R315-R316 (April 2016)
Mountain-climbing bears protect cherry species from global warming through vertical seed dispersal 
Shoji Naoe, Ichiro Tayasu, Yoichiro Sakai, Takashi Masaki, Kazuki Kobayashi, Akiko Nakajima, Yoshikazu Sato, Koji Yamazaki, Hiroki Kiyokawa, Shinsuke Koike 
Current Biology 
Volume 26, Issue 8, Pages R315-R316 (April 2016)
DOI: /j.cub
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2. Figure 1 Vertical seed dispersal by mammals.
(A) Negative correlation between altitude and the oxygen isotope ratios of Prunus verecunda reference seeds in 2012 and The lines show the least-squares fit (2012, solid line; 2013, dashed line). Different symbols in the same year and altitude indicate different fruiting trees. The regression line showed an annual variation (see also Supplemental Experimental Procedures). The oxygen isotope ratios of the seeds did not show large variation among fruiting trees at the same altitude, and among seeds from the same fruiting tree. (B) Vertical seed dispersal distance achieved by Asiatic black bears and (C) Japanese martens (four years data were pooled). Positive and negative values indicate seed dispersal toward the mountain tops and foots, respectively. See also Figure S1. (D) Vertical seed dispersal toward the mountain tops by mammals that are following the spring-to-summer plant phenology. The spring-to-summer plant phenology proceeds from the foot to the top of mountains. Cherry fruits and young vegetation are no longer available in low altitudes, ripe fruits are available but young vegetation is no longer available in middle altitudes, and ripe fruits are unavailable but young vegetation is available in high altitudes.
Current Biology  , R315-R316DOI: ( /j.cub )
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions